CB5 Health and disease Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is a communicable disease?
A disease caused by pathogens that can be passed person to person.
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that is not caused by pathogens but a lifestyle or genetic factor.
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism that causes disease.
What type of pathogen causes cholera and TB?
Bacteria
What kind of pathogen causes malaria?
Protist
What type of pathogen causes chalara dieback?
Fungus
What is a vector?
An organism used by a pathogen to gain entry to a host.
What are 2 examples of vectors?
Mosquito (malaria), herbivores (chalara dieback)
What type of pathogen causes HIV/AIDS?
virus
How does having the HIV virus make someone more likely to get other diseases?
The HIV virus destroys white blood cells which usually protect you from pathogens
What are 3 physical barriers to infection in humans?
Skin, mucus, scabs
What are 2 chemical defences to infection in humans?
tears, stomach acid
What is cirrhosis?
A liver diesase
What causes cirrhosis of the liver?
Excessive alcohol consumption.
What is malnutrition?
Consuming too little or too much of particular nutrients from food.
What is cardiovascular disease?
A disease of the heart or blood vessels
What are 4 risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Obesity, high cholesterol diet, diabetes, smoking
What is happening to the arteries in heart disease?
The arteries get damaged and then begin to get blocked.
What causes a heart attack?
A blood clot stops blood getting to the heart muscles so the heart muscles can’t pump properly and eventually the muscle cells die.
What are 3 possible treatments for cardiovascular disease?
Stent (put a tube inside the artery to hold it open), change your lifestyle, medication to reduce blood pressure
What 2 diseases is obesity a risk factor for?
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes
What are 2 measurements for determining obesity?
BMI, waist:hip ratio
What is the equation for calculating BMI?
BMI = body mass (kg) ÷ (height (cm))^2
What is the equation for calculating waist:hip ratio?
waist:hip = waist circumference ÷ hip circumference
