CB4 Flashcards
(12 cards)
name the five types of protein and their functions:
structural: for strength+support at the membrane.
hormones: chemical messengers, regulating process like growth and metabolism.
antibodies: white blood cells which fight pathogens.
receptors: recognise substances and transmits info into the cell.
enzymes: have an active site, speed up chemical reactions.
what are proteins made of?
all proteins are made using amino acids.
why is the sequence of amino acids important in making proteins?
the sequence of amino acids give rise to the structure/function of the protein.
what is an enzyme?
an enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.
what is the active site?
the place on an enzyme where the SUBSTRATE binds/attaches.
what does the term ‘specific’ mean?
the enzyme is SPECIFIC to one substrate, meaning the active site perfectly matches the shape of the substrate.
what happens in a synthesis reaction?
in a synthesis reaction, many small substrates are joined together to make a larger product.
what does ‘synthesis’ mean?
synthesis = sticks together
give an example of a synthesis reaction:
phosphorylase (glucose -1- phosphate + starch)
which factors affect an enzyme?
temperature/pH
what does the term ‘optimum temperature’ mean?
optimum temperature- the temperature at which the enzyme is most active.
what happens beyond an enzymes optimum temperature/pH?
beyond optimum conditions, the shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind. this is when the enzyme becomes DENATURED.
