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CC LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

two building blocks of lipids

A

glycerol, FA

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2
Q

lipids are considered to yield the ____and also provide stablity to cell membranes

A

highest source of energy

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3
Q

lipids are ___ to blood and water

A

insoluble

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4
Q

lipids are biomolecules that requires special transport mechanism known as?

A

lipoproteins

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5
Q

largest least dense, transports exogenous TAGs back to the liver

A

chylomicrons

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6
Q

transports endogenous TAGs from the liver towards the peripheral cells

A

VLDL

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7
Q

smallest most dense transports back excess cholesterol to the liver

A

HDL

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8
Q

transports and distributes cholesterol to the peripheral tx

A

LDL

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9
Q

what are the 5 major lipids in the body?

A

phospholipid
cholesterol
TAG
fatty acids
vit A, D, E, K

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10
Q

lipid soluble vitamins, tested for liver synthetic function

A

vit A, D, E, K

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11
Q

constituent of TAG and cholesterol

A

fatty acids

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12
Q

routinely tested type of lipids

A

TAG, cholesterol

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13
Q

most abundant lipids, and not routinely tested

A

phospholipid

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14
Q

lipids are always extracted using _ before you analyze them

A

bloor’s reagent

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15
Q

play an important role in many metabolic processes

A

lipids

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16
Q

a condition of deposition of plaques in the blood vessels

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

is useful in evaluation of risk status for CHD

A

lipid profile

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18
Q

what lipoprotein is used for routine lipid profile?

A

HDL-C
LDL-C
TAG

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19
Q

simplest lipids in the serum

A

fatty acids

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20
Q

conversion factor of FA

A

there is no conversion factor for FA

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21
Q

reference value of FA

A

9-15 mg/dL

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22
Q

most abundant type of lipids
-amphipathic
- independent risk factor for atherosclerosis

A

phospholipids

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23
Q

phospholipids originates in the liver and intestines but can be produced by ?

A

type II pneumocytes in the form of lamellar bodies

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24
Q

2 forms of phosphilipids?

A

lecithin
sphingomyelin

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25
aka phosphatidylcholine pulmonary lubricant synthesized by baby till birth
lecithin (70%)
26
the only form of phospholipid which is not glycerol-derived and is a pulmonary surfactant -synthesized only during the first trimester
sphingomyelin (20%)
27
phosphatidyl ethanolamine phosphatidyl serine
cephalin (10%)
28
is an important components in RBC and Neurons
sphingomyelin
29
sphingomyelin is increased in px w/ ?
Niemann-pick disease
30
serves as reference material during 3rd trimester
sphingomyelin
31
conversion factor for TAG
0.01L
32
main storage form of lipids increased in cases of PANCREATITIS
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
33
TRIACYLGLYCEROL is stored in?
adipose tx
34
normal reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL
<150 mg/dL
35
borderline high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL
150-199 mg/dL
36
high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum
200-499 mg/dL
37
Very high reference value for TRIACYLGLYCEROL and has a presence of milky serum
>500 mg/dL
38
two sources of TAG
chylomicrons VLDL
39
TAG at risk of CHD due to atherogenic VLDL remnants
≥ 200 md/dL
40
TAG is tested in adults at least?
once every 5 yrs
41
end color for Van handel and zilversmith method
(+) pink compound
42
steps in modified Van handel and zilversmith method
step 1: extraction step 2: adsorption step 3: hydrolysis step 4: oxidation
43
is used to remove phospholipids from the chloroform extract
sialic acid
44
recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for Male adults, after 12-hour fast
40-160 mg/dL
45
recommended levels of triglycerides, serum for female adults, after 12-hour fast
35-135 mg/dL
46
major interference in enzymatic methods
glycerol
47
routine at 340 nm after hydrolysis of TAG into FA and glycerol, it is followed by phosphorylation if glycerol to glycerophosphate
glycerol kinase method
48
fasting for TAG
10-12 hrs
49
most atherogenic lipid substance (never metabolized) it does not serve as source of fuel -mostly synthesized exclusively by animals in the liver
cholesterol
50
most abundant form of cholesterol and is bound to fatty acids -non amphipathic -can undergo esterification
cholesterol ester
51
polar, non-esterified form of cholesterol
free cholesterol
52
desirable level of total cholesterol
< 200
53
high level of total cholesterol
≥ 240
54
salt regulating hormone
aldosterone
55
hyperglycemic hormone
cortisol
56
male reproductive hormone
testosterone
57
female reproductive hormone
estradiol
58
very high level of LDL-cholesterol
≥ 190
59
optimal level of LDL-cholesterol
< 100
60
separate through hydrolysis
saponification
61
combine through dehydration synthesis
esterification
62
decreased cholesterol and decreased TAG
hyperthyroidism
63
increased cholesterol and increased TAGs
hypothyroidism
64
dehydration and oxidation reaction to form a colored compound
colorimetric
65
end product for Liebermann Burchardt
cholestadienyl mono sulfonic acid (green)
66
end product for salkowski
cholestadienyl disulfonic acid (red)
67
steps in Abell-kendal method
step 1: extraction step 2: saponification step 3: purification step 4: colorimetry
68
is the stored energy used during fasting
TAG
69
average total daily fat
60-139 grams
70
patients 50-60 yrs old increased TAG for __ per year
2 mg/dL

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