CC PROTEINS

Question 1

proteins comes from greek word proteios, which means?

Answer 1

of first importance

Question 2

these macromolecules are polymers of covalently linked amino acids through peptide bonds. these group of molecules are synthesized by hepatocytes

Answer 2

PROTEINS

Question 3

only proteins not synthesized by the liver

Answer 3

immunoglobulins
VWF
factor III

Question 4

only produced by the plasma cells (russell bodies)

Answer 4

immunoglobulins

Question 5

which can be produced by endothelial cells (weilbel-palade bodies)

Answer 5

VWF

Question 6

which are produced by tissue in general

Answer 6

factor III

Question 7

regulate balance between anabolism and catabolism

Answer 7

nitrogen balance

Question 8

simplest form of protein

Answer 8

primary structure

Question 9

linear sequence of AA connected by peptide bonds.
-responsible for protein identity
-responsible for protein net electric charge

Answer 9

primary structure

Question 10

bend form of proteins

Answer 10

secondary structure

Question 11

3-dimensional conformation
- groups of AA binding in such a manner that alpha-helix and B-pleated sheets are formed through winding of polypeptide chains but not yet linked

Answer 11

secondary structure

Question 12

folding patter of protein structure

Answer 12

tertiary structure

Question 13

actual 3-D configuration
- responsible for protein FUNCTION physical and chemical properties

Answer 13

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

Question 14

only protein with no quaternary structure

Answer 14

albumin

Question 15

larger protein complex w/ precise 3D conformation

Answer 15

quaternary structure

Question 16

unaffected by denaturation (regulated by strong covalent peptide bonds)

Answer 16

primary structure

Question 17

affected by denaturation (no linage, only winding of alpha & beta units)

Answer 17

secondary structure

Question 18

first to be affected by denaturation

Answer 18

tertiary structure

Question 19

affected by denaturation (regulated by hydrogen, electrostatic interactions)

Answer 19

quaternary structure

Question 20

forms of proteins are affected by the positioning of its epitopes and is easily changed by denaturation

Answer 20

conformational
proteins

Question 21

are not affected by neither of the positioning of the epitopes nor denaturation.

Answer 21

non-conformational proteins

Question 22

only contains AA linked by peptide chains and only yield AA acids upon hydrolysis acc to shape

Answer 22

simple proteins

Question 23

elongated insoluble and less denatured

Answer 23

fibrous proteins

Question 24

spherical, soluble, and more easily denatured

Answer 24

globular proteins

Question 25

vertical proteins -regulate biomolecule diffusion

Answer 25

transmembrane proteins

Question 26

horizontal proteins - integrity of membrane

Answer 26

cytoskeleton proteins

Question 27

combinations of AA + non-protein prosthetic group like carbs and lipids

Answer 27

conjugated proteins

Question 28

only one peptide chain ex: cysteine

Answer 28

monomeric

Question 29

2 or more peptide chain ex: glutathione

Answer 29

multimeric

Question 30

building blocks of proteins

Answer 30

AA

Question 31

acidic/basic

Answer 31

ampholite

Question 32

ability to react to acids and basis

Answer 32

amphoteric

Question 33

(-) / (+) net charge

Answer 33

zwitterion

Question 34

AA acid that are not naturally synthesized by the body, thus need to be supplied dietarily

Answer 34

essential AA

Question 35

AA for children

Answer 35

10

Question 36

AA for adults

Answer 36

9

Question 37

essential for children, not for adults

Answer 37

arginine

Question 38

what are the essential AAs

Answer 38

tryptophan phenylalanine histidine isoleucine leucine lysine arginine methionine threonine valine

Question 39

fastest and most abundant serum protein

Answer 39

albumin

Question 40

2nd fastest serum proteins

Answer 40

A1- globulin

Question 41

pre-beta globulin serum protein

Answer 41

A2- globulin

Question 42

slowest and 2nd most abundant serum protein

Answer 42

G-globulin

Question 43

most important use of SPE is to detect?

Answer 43

monoclonal gammopathy

Question 44

multiple myeloma

Answer 44

gamma spike

Question 45

hepatic cirrhosis

Answer 45

beta gamma bridging

Question 46

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 46

alpha 2 spike

Question 47

juvenile cirrhosis

Answer 47

alpha 1 flat

Question 48

condition which there is a decreased albumin levels, but normal globulin levels

Answer 48

hypoalbuminemia

Question 49

can cause all levels of proteins to be elevated due to relative decrease of fluid solvent

Answer 49

dehydration

Question 50

can cause all levels of proteins to be elevated except the negative phase reactant (NPRs)

Answer 50

inflammation

Question 51

is one way the body uses to protect itself from invasion by foreign organisms and to repair wound to tx

Answer 51

inflammation

Question 52

RUBUR

Answer 52

redness

Question 53

CALOR

Answer 53

heat

Question 54

DOLOR

Answer 54

pain

Question 55

TUMOR

Answer 55

swelling

Question 56

FUNCTIO LAESA

Answer 56

loss of function

Question 57

proteins that decrease during inflammation -also used as markers for inflammation

Answer 57

NPRs (negative phase reactants)

Question 58

proteins produced by the hepatocytes, increase 25% during inflammation

Answer 58

APRs

Question 59

average response time for APRs

Answer 59

12-24 hrs

Question 60

give example of NPRs

Answer 60

pre-albumin ALBUMIN transferrin

Question 61

opsonization and complement activation

Answer 61

C-reactive proteins

Question 62

binds copper and oxidizes iron

Answer 62

ceruloplasmin

Question 63

activate monocytes and macrophages

Answer 63

serum amyloid A

Question 64

aka Transthyretin - migrates ahead of albumin, rich in Tryptophan

Answer 64

PREALBUMIN

Question 65

general transport protein

Answer 65

albumin

Question 66

the most abundant plasma protein - lowest levels are seen in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 66

albumin

Question 67

albumin transports what?

Answer 67

hormones vitamins electrolytes drugs

Question 68

conversion factor for albumin

Answer 68

10

Question 69

conversion factor for prealbumin

Answer 69

10

Question 70

measured by subtracting albumin from total protein

Answer 70

globulins

Question 71

90% of alpha-1 globulin band (major component) - major inhibitor of proteases (prevent self digestion)

Answer 71

alpha-1 antitrypsin

Question 72

aka orosomucoid -greatest affinity to progesterone binds to cardioactive drugs

Answer 72

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein

Question 73

alpha-1 acid glycoprotein remains negatively charged even in acidic solution, at what pH?

Answer 73

2.7 pH

Question 74

most abundant protein in fetal serum

Answer 74

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Question 75

reference value for HEPATIC CARCINOMA

Answer 75

> 1000 ng/mL

Question 76

aka alpha-1 x - serine protease w/ cathepsin G -secreted by liver only -increased in Alzheimer's disease

Answer 76

alpha-1 antichymotrypsin

Question 77

largest non-ig protein -ONLY PROTEIN THAT INCREASES (10X) DURING NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Answer 77

Alpha-2 macroglobulin

Question 78

binds free hgb in its alpha chain - evaluate IVH and RHD

Answer 78

haptoglobin

Question 79

ONLY PLASMA PROTEIN WITH ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY -marker of wilson's disease

Answer 79

CERULOPLASMIN

Question 80

excess copper deposits in the skin eyes and the brain but decrease in plasma levels

Answer 80

wilson's disease

Question 81

defective copper absorption causing decreased levels in the serum and liver

Answer 81

menkes kinky hair syndrome

Question 82

major component of HLA (MHC CLASS 1) - COMMON CAUSE OF DIALYSIS ASSOCIATED AMYLOIDOSIS

Answer 82

HEMOPEXIN

Question 83

AKA siderophilin - 90% of beta-2 globulin band

Answer 83

transferrin

Question 84

most potent APR - bind to C-polysaccharide of pneumococci -general scavenger molecule

Answer 84

C-reactive protein

Question 85

synthesized by plasma cells - only plasma protein not produced by the liver

Answer 85

immunoglobulins