CD 17

Question 1

Where is the adrenal Glands(stress glands) of our body ?

Answer 1

On top of our kidneys.

Question 2

Adrenal glands produces

Answer 2

Mineralocorticoids 
Glucocorticoids 
Androgens 
Catecholamines 
Peptides

Question 3

Adrenal gland is made of 2 different parts ?

Answer 3

Medulla

Cortex

Question 4

Cortex has 3 different zone ?

Answer 4

Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

Question 5

Glucocorticoids produces

Answer 5

Cortisol and Cortisone

Question 6

Cortisol is the predominant corticosteroid secreted

from ?

Answer 6

Adrenal cortex in humans

Question 7

What influence Cortisol

Answer 7

Secreted according to a diurnal (Night and day) pattern under the
influence of ACTH from the pituitary gland under the
influence of CRH from the hypothalamus

Question 8

HPA axis

Answer 8

Hypothalamus (CRH hormone)=>Anterior Pituitary(Corticotropes)=> Adrenal Cortex=>Cortisol which try to react stress but when enough than it signal negative and turn cortisol production down.

Question 9

From where cortisol produce ?

Answer 9

adrenal cortex

Question 10

What is the sorce of secration for Glucocorticoids ?

Answer 10

Zona faciculate

Question 11

What is the sorce of secration for Mineralcorticoids ?

Answer 11

Zona glomerulosa

Question 12

What is the half life of Glucocorticoids

Answer 12

70- 90 mins

Question 13

What is the half life of Mineralcorticoids

Answer 13

20 min

Question 14

Where is the main action of Glucocorticoids

Answer 14

metabolism of glucose via
carbohydrate , protein and
lipid metabolism

Question 15

Where is the main action of

Mineralcorticoids

Answer 15

on minerals for example : sodium, potassium and

hydrogen ions

Question 16

Glucocorticoids controls the carbohydrates,
fats and other proteins
within the system

Answer 16

Mineralcorticoids Control of electrolytes and

water balance of the body

Question 17

Glucocorticoids help with

Answer 17

healing wounds

of minimising pain in injury

Question 18

Glucocorticoids used as antiinflammatory drugs

Answer 18

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs

Question 19

Mechanism of Action for Glucocorticoid ?

Answer 19

-Activated GR complex upregulates the expression
of anti-inflammatory
proteins
-Activated GR complex
decreases the expression
of pro-inflammatory
proteins

Question 20

Mechanism of Action for Glucocorticoid ?

Answer 20

Phospolipids=> Arachidonic acids=>Cyclooxygenase=>prostaglandins,Thromboxane, Prostacyclins

Question 21

Glucocorticocoids Not stored

Answer 21

Rate of synthesis and rate of release equal.

Question 22

Glucocorticocoids synthesized

Answer 22

rhythmically and control by irregular pulses of ACTH

Question 23

Glucocorticoids act via their receptors

Answer 23

in the nucleous

Question 24

Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related and share similarities

Answer 24

in their ligand and DNA binding domain

Question 25

Most of the physiological effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids hormones are mediated through

Answer 25

binding to intracellular that operate as | ligand-activated transcription factors to regulate gene expression

Question 26

Long Term Risks of Glucocorticoids ?

Answer 26

Adrenal axis suppression | Effects on carbohydrate , protein and fat metabolism

Question 27

Topical corticosteroids

Answer 27

Topical corticosteroids are used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the skin (other than those arising from an infection), in particular eczema, contact dermatitis, insect stings, and eczema of scabies • Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory reaction • They are not curative and on discontinuation a rebound exacerbation of the condition may occur • They are generally used to relieve symptoms and suppress signs of the disorder when other measures such as emollients are ineffective

Question 28

What is topical?

Answer 28

``` Powder • Paste • Cream • lotion • Ointment • Drops ```

Question 29

Which part of the bodily skin absorb Corticosteroids maximum ?

Answer 29

Eyelids and genitals | 30 % (This is maximum)

Question 30

Which part of the bodily skin absorb Corticosteroids maximum ?

Answer 30

Palm 0.1% Sole 0.5% (which is Minimum)

Question 31

How much Corticosteroids Face absorb?

Answer 31

7 %

Question 32

How much is absorbed systemically?

Answer 32

• There is little evidence as to what percentage of a topical corticosteroid dose is absorbed systemically • Studies investigating systemic effects do not measure how much of the corticosteroid is in the blood, but instead focus on measuring cortisol as a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression • After a few weeks’ treatment with potent or very potent topical corticosteroids temporary HPA axis suppression does occur • However, this resolves upon cessation of the topical corticosteroid, without the need for dose tapering

Question 33

What are the adverse effects of Corticosteroids ?

Answer 33

``` Skin thinning Stretch marks Easy bruising Central fat deposition Enlarged blood vessels Susceptibility to skin infections Allergy ```

Question 34

Minimising adverse effects – using | appropriately!

Answer 34

- apply it to affected areas only - Do not apply more frequently than twice daily -once daily is often sufficient - use the least potent formulation which is fully effective - Use appropriate formulation for the area - Use appropriate quantity - Use for the shortest time possible (but still ensure skin condition clears)

Question 35

Corticostiroid suppress the ?

Answer 35

Inflammatory reaction | They are not curative