CDN (INTRO)

Question 1

An illness due to an infectious agent or its toxic products which is transmitted to a person or animal directly or indirectly via of an intermediate animal host (vector), vehicle ( water, food, blood) or inanimate environment

Answer 1

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Question 2

Diseases that can be easily transmitted from person to person

Answer 2

CONTAGIOUS

Question 3

Are those disease not transmitted by ordinary contact but require a direct inoculation through a break in the previously intact skin or mucous membrane

Answer 3

INFECTIOUS

Question 4

Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection.

Answer 4

CAUSATIVE AGENT

Question 5

ability to invade & multiply within the host

Answer 5

Virulence

Question 6

the ability of a microorganism to cause a disease

Answer 6

Pathogenicity

Question 7

Replicate the host

Answer 7

Colonization

Question 8

Adhere to the host

Answer 8

Adherence

Question 9

Gain access to the host

Answer 9

Poor sanitation (Contamination)

Question 10

Invade tissues

Answer 10

Invasion

Question 11

are produced or other agents that cause host harm (tissue damage)

Answer 11

Toxins

Question 12

habitat where organism survives & multiplies

Answer 12

RESERVOIR

Question 13

the means of exit of the microorganisms from the reservoir. Can be droplets, excretions, secretions & break in skin.

Answer 13

PORTAL OF EXIT

Question 14

The organism transmitted from one host to the next host. Can be contact, droplets & airborne

Answer 14

MODES OF TRANSMISSION

Question 15

is a common mode for gastrointestinal pathogens.

Answer 15

Hand-to-mouth

Question 16

through physical contact.

Answer 16

CONTACT TRANSMISSION

Question 17

person-to-person

Answer 17

Direct

Question 18

from fomites - contaminated object

Answer 18

Indirect

Question 19

spread of respiratory secretions that settles on surfaces

Answer 19

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

Question 20

Microbes remain suspended in the air for prolonged period

Answer 20

AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION

Question 21

example of vehicle transmission

Answer 21

( water, food, blood)

Question 22

Occurs when intermediate carriers transfer the microbes to another living organism.

Answer 22

Vector - borne Transmission

Question 23

the agent develops &/or propagates within the vector.

Answer 23

Biological Transmission

Question 24

simple transfer of agents from one infected host or contaminated substrate to a susceptible host

Answer 24

Mechanical Transmission

Question 25

transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries.

Answer 25

Transovarial or Transovarian

Question 26

Way infectious agents get into the next host

Answer 26

PORTAL OF ENTRY

Question 27

Any person who is at risk of acquiring an infection. Can be an immunosuppressed patient with diabetes, surgery, burns & elderly patients.

Answer 27

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

Question 28

initial phase of the disease process before symptoms become apparent & the pathogen is actively replicating.

Answer 28

INCUBATION PERIOD

Question 29

numbers of the infectious agents start increasing & the immune system starts reacting & disease symptoms first become apparent.

Answer 29

PRODROMAL PERIOD

Question 30

characterized by active replication or multiplication of the pathogen & its numbers peak exponentially, quite often in a very short period of time. Symptoms are specific to the organ affected.

Answer 30

PERIOD OF ILLNESS

Question 31

the number of pathogen particles begins to decrease, & signs & symptoms of illness begin to decline.

Answer 31

PERIOD OF DECLINE

Question 32

Patient recovers gradually & returns to normal but may continue to be a source of infection even if feeling better.

Answer 32

PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE

Question 33

Transmission occurs, but number of cases remains constant.

Answer 33

ENDEMIC

Question 34

Number of cases increases.

Answer 34

EPIDEMIC

Question 35

When epidemic occurs at several continents –global epidemic.

Answer 35

PANDEMIC

Question 36

techniques used to prevent the spread of infection. Isolation precautions should be followed according to illness

Answer 36

ISOLATION SYSTEM

Question 37

“Universal Precautions” applied to all clients in any health care setting, regardless of their presumed infection diagnosis. These PRECAUTIONS APPLY whenever there is potential possibility of contact with: A. Blood B. Body fluids, secretions & excretions (except sweat) C. Mucous membrane D. Breaks in skin (Non-intact skin)

Answer 37

STANDARD PRECAUTION

Question 38

Transmission of droplets droplet particles (>5 - 10 μm in diameter) containing microorganism.

Answer 38

DROPLET PRECAUTION-

Question 39

additional infection control precautions in health care, & latest routine prevention & control practices applied for patients who are known suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents.

Answer 39

TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS

Question 40

may be spread through sneezing, coughing spraying of liquids, spread of dust or any activity that results in the generation of aerosolized particles.

Answer 40

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

Question 41

microorganisms are transmitted by small particle droplets that can remain suspended & become widely dispersed by air currents.

Answer 41

AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS

Question 42

reduce the risk of infection for immune compromised patient.

Answer 42

PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS

Question 43

Prevent infection for people whose resistance to infection & body defenses are lowered or compromised.

Answer 43

PROTECTIVE PRECAUTIONS

Question 44

measures to implement infection control through isolation; prevent contagious diseases from avoiding contact with patient’s body fluids, by means of wearing PPE

Answer 44

ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS

Question 45

Limitation of the freedom of movement of persons or animals which have been exposed to a communicable disease for a period of time equivalent to the longest incubation period of that disease.

Answer 45

QUARANTINE

Question 46

Strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of disease by separation of people reasonably believed to have been exposed to a communicable disease but not yet symptomatic, from others who have not been exposed, to prevent possible spread of a communicable disease.

Answer 46

Community Quarantine