NRES 2 Flashcards
(53 cards)
Statistical hypothesis; stated
Null hypothesis
Research hypothesis; researchers’ guess
Alternative hypothesis
Hypothesis contains only 1 independent variable and 1 dependent
variable
Simple hypothesis
Tells the exact relationship of variables
Tells variable whether (+) or (-) relationship
eg. People who exercise regularly will have lower blood
pressure than those who do not exercise regularly
Directional Hypothesis
Hypothesis may contain 2 or more independent variables and 2 or more dependent variables;
Complex hypothesis
Results of study are different from each variable
Non-directional Hypothesis
Is formal, objective, systematic process in
which numerical data are used to obtain
information about the world
Quantitative Research
Conducted to test theory by describing
variables, examining relationships among
variables, and determining cause-and-effect
interactions between variables
Quantitative Research
A systematic, subjective approach used to
describe life experiences and situations and to
give them meaning
Qualitative Research
Evolved from the behavioral and social
sciences as a method of understanding the
unique, dynamic holistic nature of human
being
Qualitative Research
Four categories of Quantitative
Research
- Descriptive
- Correlational
- Quasi-experimental
- Experimental
Conducted to explore new ideas of research
and to describe situations as they exists
Descriptive
Conducted to examine relationships and to
develop and refine expanatory knowledge for
nursing practice
Correlational
Conducted to determine the effectiveness of
nursing interventions in predicting and
controlling the outcomes desired for patients
and families
Quasi-experimental
Types of Qualitative Research
- Phenomenological
- Gounded theory
- Ethnographical
- Historical
An inductive descriptive approach used to
describe an experience as it is lived by an
individual such as lived experience of chronic
pain
Phenomenological
An inductive research technique that is used
to formulate, test, and refine a theory about a
particular phenomenon
Grounded Theory
Develop by the discipline of anthropology for
investigating cultures through an in-depth
study of the members of the culture – such as
health practices that need to be recognized in
delivering care to patient family and
community
Ethnographical
TYPES OF SAMPLING
* Probability Sampling
– Simple random sampling
– Stratified random sampling
– Systematic sampling
– Cluster sampling
TYPES OF SAMPLING
* Non-Probability Sampling
– Convenience or Accidental sampling
– Snowball or network sampling
– Judgemental or Purposive sampling
– Cross-Cultural sampling
– Longitudinal sampling
– Cross-sectional sampling
– Quota sampling
– The selection of the sample is done by chance.
– Eg. Lottery draws or a table of random numbers
Simple Random Sampling
– The population is subdivided into areas, sections,
then random samples are taken from each
– Eg. Divide the students into year levels: 1st year,
2nd yr, 3rd yr, 4th yr, and get random samples
from each level
Stratified Random Sampling
– Sampling by taking every _th of the person in a
locale (school, community, tel. directory,)
– Eg. Taking every 5th family in a barangay
Systematic Sampling
– A small sample is taken from various sections of
the total population
– Eg. In studying the attitudes of nurses in Metro
Manila toward their work, a small sample from
each hospital will be taken
Cluster sampling
