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BIO170 > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

fundamental structural unit of living organisms

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2
Q

Differential Cell Fractionation

A

break open cells, spin cell chunks to separate largest particles into pellet

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

unicellular forms, no membranes

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4
Q

Eubacteria (Bacteria)

A

true bacteria prokaryotes, live everywhere, diverse metabolisms

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5
Q

Archaebacteria (Archaea)

A

prokaryotes that live in extreme environments, look more like eukaryotes

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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A

multicellular forms, membrane bound organelles

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

space between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Organelles

A

membrane bound subcellular compartments for specific functions

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9
Q

Cytosol

A

gel around membrane bound organelles (does not contain organelles)

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10
Q

Nucleus

A

contains DNA

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

double membrane around nucleus

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12
Q

Nuclear Pore Complex

A

transportation of macromolecules/DNA in and out of nucleus

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13
Q

Nucleolus

A

generate ribosomes via RNA and proteins

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14
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

connected to nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

flat sheets, ribosomes attached on outside, make proteins for secretion

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16
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

tubular structures, calcium and Ca2+ storage, cholesterol synthesis, base for steroids, membrane synthesis, detoxification, make soluble via enzymes

17
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

process raw material from ER and deliver cell membrane

18
Q

Lysosome

A

digests things via enzymes

19
Q

Central Vacuole

A

stores water, ions, toxins, etc. in plant cells

20
Q

Mitochondria

A

oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, produce ATP

21
Q

Semiautonomous Organelle

A

have its own DNA and ribosomes, derived from swallowing prokaryote bacteria, not part of endomembrane system

22
Q

Chloroplasts

A

use photosynthesis to produce energy and starch

23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

filaments and tubules that help shape, motility, replication in cell

24
Q

Microfilament

A

very thin, elongated actin filaments

25
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

very tough, bunches of fibrous subunits

26
Q

Microtubules

A

hollow tubes of alpha and beta tubulin monomer

BIO170 (12 decks)

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