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ANAPHY > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Types of Cell

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organism: Bacteria
Organelles: few/none
DNA: Circular/ in the cytoplasm
RNA and Protien: RNA and protein synthesize in the same compartment
Cell Division: Binary Fission

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3
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organism: Protist, fungi, plants, animals
Organelles: Nucleus, mitochondria, ER, etc.
DNA: Linear/ circular bounded by a membrane
RNA and Protien: RNA and protein synthesize in nucleus/ protiein in the cytoplasm
Cell Division: Mitosis/Meiosis

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4
Q

Cell Basic compostion

A
  1. Protoplasm/Cytoplasm
  2. Cell membrane
  3. Nucleus
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5
Q

PHYSIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF CELL

A
  1. Irritability/Excitability
  2. Conductivity
  3. Contractility
  4. Absorption and Secretion
  5. Excretion
  6. Respiration
    7.Growth and Reproduction
  7. Organization
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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

-Trilaminar (inner and outer protein layer, and middle lipid layer)
-Semipermeable

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

-Colloidal
-With organelles, inclusions, and cytoskeleton

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

-With DNA in a form of:
a. Heterochromatin (In active)
b. Euchromatin (Active)

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9
Q

Membrane Transport

A

Selectively permeable membrane
- osmosis
- protein channels
- active transport
- Fluid mosaic model

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10
Q

Transport processes across cell membrane

A

-passive
-active

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11
Q

Passive

A

-Simple diffusion
-Facilitated diffusion
-Osmosis
-Filtration

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12
Q

Active

A

-Active transport
-Endocytosis
a. Phagocytosis (cell eating)
b. Pinocytosis (cell drinking)
-Exocytosis

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13
Q

Active transport

A

Need an energy

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14
Q

Endocytosis

A

entry of particle towards the cell

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15
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

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16
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

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17
Q

Exocytosis

A

Extrusion of substance within the cell

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18
Q

Movement of solute form the area of HIGH solute concentration to an area of LOW solute area

A

Simple diffusion

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19
Q

Movement of solute from an area of HIGH solute concentration to an area of LOW solute concentration with a CARRIER

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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20
Q

Movement of solvent (WATER) from an area of LOW solute concentration to an are of HIGH solute concentration

A

Osmosis

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21
Q

Movement of solute form an area of LOW solute concentration to an area of HIGH solute concentration

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A

Active Transport

22
Q

-mostly water with chemical compunds in solution or colloid
- Solution: atoms or ions ditributed in medium
-Polar compounds go into solution
-nonpolar compunds go into colloidal suspension
with organnelles, inclusions, cytoskeleton

23
Q

ORGANELLES

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A
  1. Mitochondria (chondriosome)
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
    a. Rough/Granular ER
    b. Smooth/Non-granular ER
    4.Golgi Complex (Dictyosome)
  4. Lysosomes
    a.Primary Lysosome
    b.Secondary Lysosome
    c. Residual Bodies
  5. Peroxisimes/Microbodies
  6. Melanosomes
  7. Secretory Granules
24
Q

Types of ER

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rough ER (extra protein)
  • Smooth ER
25
Types of Lysosome
Primary Lysosome Secondary Lysosome Residual Bodies
26
-powerhouse of the cell -Synthesize ATP -Energy requirements of cell determine cristae number -Also accumulate Ca+, synthesize nucleic acids and proteins, oxidation of fatty acids
Mitochondria
27
Inner folds where cellular respiration occurs
Cristae
28
-Distributed throughout cytoplasm -Attached to rough ER -No membrance covering -Site of protein systhesis free __________- protein for intracellular use
Ribosomes
29
-system of membranes that makes up channels -Connects with outer nuclear and cell membranes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
30
For protein synthesis attached ribosimes - (protein-EXTRACELLULAR USE)
Rough ER
31
Fat transport and sex hormone synthesis, HCL synthesis, release and recapture (ca+) in skeletal muscle
Smooth ER
32
-collection of flat saclike cisternae -concentration and collection of cellular compounds -Storage warehouses of the cell -Carbohydrate synthesis site -"PACKAGING"
Golgi Apparatus
33
-digestive enzyme packages -with acid hydrolases -lack oxidases and catalases -function - play role in cellular defense -digest stored food -maintenance and repair of organelles -suicide agents for old or weak cells
Lysosomes
34
Contain: - Catalase - converts H2O2(Hydrogenperoxide) into H2O to O2 -Oxidase
Peroxisomes/Microbodies
35
INCLUSIONS
1. Glycogen 2. Lipid 3. Pigments a. Exogenous b. Endogenous 1) Lipofuscin 2) Melanin 3) Hemoglobin 4) Bilirubin 4. Crystals a.Crystals of Reinke b. Crystals of Charcot-Bottcher
36
Types of Pigment
a. Exogenous b. Endogenous 1) Lipofuscin 2) Melanin 3) Hemoglobin 4) Bilirubin
37
Types of Crystals
a.Crystals of Reinke b. Crystals of Charcot-Bottcher
38
Cyctoskeleton
1.Microfilaments 2.Intermediate Filaments a. Keratin- Epithelial cells b. Vimentin- Mesenchymal Cells c. Desmin- Muscle cells d. Glial fibrillary protein- glial cells of nervous system e. Neurofilaments - neurons 3. Microtubules a.centrioles- determine polarity of cell b. cilia- line respiratory tract c. Flagella- tail of spermatozoa
39
Intermediate Filaments
a. Keratin- Epithelial cells b. Vimentin- Mesenchymal Cells c. Desmin- Muscle cells d. Glial fibrillary protein- glial cells of nervous system e. Neurofilaments - neurons
40
Microtubules
a.centrioles- determine polarity of cell b. cilia- line respiratory tract c. Flagella- tail of spermatozoa
41
-Two centrioles at right angles to each other -composed of nine sets of triplet fibers -form spindle fibers during cell division -Guide duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells
centrosome/ centrioles
42
-Hairlike protrusions from cell membrane -Nine double fibrils around two single central fibrils
Cilia and Flagella
43
Move materials across cell surface
Cilia
44
Propels cell through a medium
Flagellum
45
-control center of the cell -Nuclear membrane has porse to allow substances passage
Nucleus
46
Genetic material inside nucleoplasm
Chromatin
47
Site of ribosome formation
Nucleolus
48
Cell Cycle (Mitosis Interphase)
Prophase (G1) Metaphase (G0) Anaphase (S) Telophase (G2)
49
-chromosomes progressively shorten and thicken to form double structures -nucleolus gradually disappears -mitotic apparatus begins to form -degeneration of the nuclear membrane
Prophase
50
-chromatids align at the equitorial plane
Metaphase
51
-separation of sister chromatids and migrate towards the opposite poles by the translocation of the spindle microtubules.
Anaphase
52
-Nucleoli and nuclear membranes reappear at the opposite ends of the cell -Mitotic apparatus gradually disappears -A purse string constriction of bands of microfilaments appear at the equatorial plate dividing the cytoplasm and eventually the daughter cells.
Telophase

ANAPHY (10 decks)

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