Cell Anatomy & Physiology 2

Question 1

It is between plasma membrane and nucleus and the site of most cellular activities

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

the vicious, semi-transparent fluid in which other cytoplasmic elements are suspended

Answer 2

Cytosol

Question 3

proteins, salts, sugar and other solutes dissolve in

Answer 3

Cytosol

Question 4

aggregates of chemicals produced or taken in by the cell and includes stored nutrients: glycogen (liver & muscle cells), lipid (fat cells), pigment ( skin & hair) and hemoglobin (red blood cells)

Answer 4

Inclusions

Question 5

a compact storage of carbs and the body ay use it in workouts but food replenishes it

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

Red blood cells have hemoglobin for __________

Answer 6

oxygen transport

Question 7

small organs with its own function

Answer 7

Organelles

Question 8

What are the 2 classifications of Organelles

Answer 8

Membranous/membrane-bound and
Non-membranous

Question 9

needs own equilibrium to function

Answer 9

Membranous/membrane-bound

Question 10

large organelle near the center of the cell

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

has inner and outer membrane that is bonded by the nuclear envelope and contains nuclear pores where materials can pass through

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

How many choromosomes does the nuclei of humans have?

Answer 12

23 Chromosomes

Question 13

a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

Answer 13

Histones

Question 14

During most cell’s life, chromosomes are loosely coiled and called

Answer 14

chromatin

Question 15

different subunits of ribosomes are formed and exit in ________

Answer 15

nuclear pores

Question 16

produced in nucleus and includes rRNA and proteins

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Unattached ribosomes are called?

Answer 17

free ribosomes

Question 18

form sacs and tubules

Answer 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 19

protein synthesis and are abundant in secretory cells, antibody-producing immune cells and liver cells

Answer 19

Rough ER

Question 20

lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification and stores calcium ions and functions in metabolism and synthesis of lipids

Answer 20

Smooth ER

Question 21

detoxifies drugs, certain pesticides, and cancer causing chemicals

Answer 21

Smooth ER

Question 22

integral proteins and phospholipids are produced in

Answer 22

Rough ER

Question 23

closely packed stacks of curved, membrane bound sacs that collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins & lipids manufactured by the ER

Answer 23

Golgi Apparatus

Question 24

Forms vesicles

Answer 24

Golgi Apparatus

Question 25

Golgi Apparatus: cis face is?

Answer 25

Incoming proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Golgi Apparatus: trans face is?

Answer 26

departure of newly formed vesicles from the golgi apparatus

Question 27

process that brings material into cell using vesicles

Answer 27

Endocytosis

Question 28

occurs when a specific subtance binds to the receptor molecule

Answer 28

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 29

“cell eating”

Answer 29

Phagocytosis

Question 30

“cell drinking”

Answer 30

Pinocytosis

Question 31

opposite of endocytosis and involves use of secretory vessels

Answer 31

Exocytosis

Question 32

membrane-bound sacs are called ________

Answer 32

secretory vessels

Question 33

membrane bound vesicles that contains variety of enzymes

Answer 33

Lysosomes

Question 34

intracellular digestive systems

Answer 34

Lysosomes

Question 35

self digestion if cell ruptures

Answer 35

autophagy

Question 36

abundant in phagocytes

Answer 36

Lysosomes

Question 37

vesicles formed by endocytosis fuse with lysosome to break down materials

Answer 37

Lysosome Action

Question 38

small membranous vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other free radicals

Answer 38

Peroxisomes

Question 39

reproduce by pinching in half but most bud off to the ER

Answer 39

Peroxisomes

Question 40

is a byproduct of fatty acids and amino acid breakdown and can be toxic to a cell & is broken down into water or used in other reactions

Answer 40

hydrogen peroxide

Question 41

responsible for producing ATP by aerobic metabolism. It has outer and inner membrane

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

inner membrane of mitochondria forms ________, which is a gel-like substance that protrude into the matrix

Answer 42

cristae

Question 43

Mitochondria doesn't reporduce with the cell — produces its own energy via _____________

Answer 43

endosymbiosis

Question 44

used to be free living organisms ; thought to be eaten by bigger cells

Answer 44

Mitochondria

Question 45

skeleton of all cells and consists of protein structures that support the cell, holds organelles, and enables cell to change shape

Answer 45

Cytoskeleton

Question 46

What are the 3 cytoskeletal elements?

Answer 46

microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

Question 47

smallest kind of site for cells, has two subunits --- globular actin and filamentous actin --- and is able to shorten or contract

Answer 47

Microfilaments

Question 48

bigger than microfilaments; smaller than microtubules and the mechanical support

Answer 48

Intermediate filaments

Question 49

hollow structure from protein subunits: alpha and beta tubulin. It help support cytoplasm, assist in cell division, form essential components like flagella and cilia

Answer 49

Microtubules

Question 50

support cytoplasm and determine cell shape

Answer 50

globular actin and filamentous actin

Question 51

where formation of microtubules occurs

Answer 51

Centrosome

Question 52

2 centrioles are _____________ to each other

Answer 52

perpendicular

Question 53

contain microtubule triplets and is involved in mitosis

Answer 53

centriole

Question 54

cellular project of surface of cells and is responsible for movement of materials on top of cells

Answer 54

Cilia

Question 55

cylindrical structures that extend from the cell and is composed of microtubules

Answer 55

Cilia

Question 56

structure similar to cilia but much longer

Answer 56

Flagella

Question 57

usually only occur once per cell

Answer 57

Flagella

Question 58

supported by microfilaments and don't actively move

Answer 58

Microvilli

Question 59

supported by microfilaments and don't actively move

Answer 59

Microvilli