Tissues 1 Flashcards by min tae

a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them.

tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the study of tissues.

Histology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a covering or lining tissue

Epithelial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body

Connective

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible

Muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Covers different organs
b. Structural support
c. Contracts for movement
d. Coordination and control
e. None of the options

a. Covers different organs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the _________ and _________ glands.

exocrine and endocrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which among the following are NOT characteristics of epithelial tissues?
a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized
c. Regenerative
d. Covers body surfaces
e. None of the options

a. Has an exposed surface
b. Vascularized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which among the following are NOT functions of epithelial tissues?
a. Absorbs substances
b. Serves as a barrier
c. Releases substances
d. Allows passage of some substances
e. None of the options

e. None of the options

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface.

Simple epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane.

Stratified epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified. It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane. Due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia appears stratified.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ephithelial cells are flat or scalelike

Squamous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ephithelial cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they are tall.

Cuboidal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ephithelial cells tend to be taller than they are wide.

Columnar

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which among the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?
a. Simple stratified
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Pseudostratified columnar
d. Stratified squamous
e. None of the options

a. Simple stratified

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a single layer of thin, flat cells.

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the lungs, simple squamous epithelium, allows for _________

gas exchange

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the kidneys, simple squamous epithelium, helps filter wastes from the blood while keeping blood cells inside the blood vessels. True or false?

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions as diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can be found in lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
a. Skin
b. Cheeks
c. Alveoli
d. Stomach
e. None of the options

c. Alveoli

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs)

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Functions in secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Can be found kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found? a. Nasal sinus b. Trachea c. Stomach d. Kidney tubules e. None of the options

b. Trachea

It is a single layer of tall, thin cells. The large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion.

Simple columnar epithelium

Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines)

Simple columnar epithelium

Functions in movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Can be found in glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Where can simple columnar epithelium be found? Intestines Ovary Pharynx Bronchi None of the options

Intestines

It secretes mucus, which covers its free surface. Cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Funtions as synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Can be found in lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Which is a function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? Secretes mucus into the respiratory system Absorption of nutrients in the stomach Secretion by kidney tubules Filtration of fluids None of the options

Secretes mucus into the respiratory system

It forms a thick epithelium because it consists of several layers of cells.

Stratified squamous epithelium

The two types of stratified squamous epithelia:

keratinized and nonkeratinized

The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a ___________. It reduces the loss of water from the body.

keratinized squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth is a moist _____________. This provides protection against abrasion and acts as a mechanical barrier.

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized (moist) or keratinized; in nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm; in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the cells are dead

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Functions in protection against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Found in: Keratinized—outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized—mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Which is a function of stratified squamous epithelium? Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia Increases resilience of tissues against damage Absorbs fluids in nonkeratinized epithelia Forms a barrier against pathogens All of the options

Prevents water loss in keratinized epithelia and Forms a barrier against pathogens

It is a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched.

Transitional epithelium

Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

Transitional epithelium

Functions by accommodating fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine

Transitional Epithelium

Can be found in lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

Transitional Epithelium

Which is a function of transitional epithelium? Cushions impacts Allows organs to stretch when necessary Protects the intestines from acid Squeezes fluids None of the options

Allows organs to stretch when necessary

Most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues. True or false?

True

It can be smooth or lined with microvilli or cilia.

Free surface

______ move materials over the top of the cell.

Cilia

_________ increase surface area.

Microvilli

They are mechanical links that bind cells together

Desmosomes

They are half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane.

Hemidesmosomes

They are cell connection structures that form barriers and anchor cells to each other. They are found in the lining of the intestines.

Tight junctions

Structures called ________ are found just below the tight junctions, and help tight junctions anchor epithelial cells to each other.

adhesion belts

They are secretory organs that secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream. They are composed primarily of epithelium, with a supporting network of connective tissue.

Glands

Glands with ducts are called __________; both the gland and its ducts are lined with epithelium.

exocrine glands

___________ are ductless glands; they secrete their products (termed hormones) into the bloodstream.

Endocrine glands

the tube that transports the secreted material to the free surface of the epithelium.

Duct

They are glands that are composed of only a single cell.

Unicellular

They are multicellular and have a single, nonbranched duct.

Simple glands

They are multicellular and have several branched ducts

Compound glands

Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes) are called ________, whereas those shaped in saclike structures are called ___________

tubular ; acinar or alveolar

glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion

Simple tubular

gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct

Simple branched tubular

glands with a single sac-like secretory portion

Simple acinar

glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct

Simple branched acinar

glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion

Compound tubular

glands with multiple ducts, each with several sac-like secretory portions

Compound acinar

glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions

Compound tubuloacinar

secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis.

Merocrine

secretion involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells.

Apocrine

secretion involves the shedding of entire cells.

Holocrine