Tissues 2

Question 1

A diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body. It differs from the other three tissue types in that it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix.

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

It is diverse in both structure and function, and it is comprised of cells, protein fibers, and an extracellular matrix.

Answer 2

Connective tissue

Question 3

Osteoblasts form _________, osteocytes maintain it, and osteoclasts break it down.

Answer 3

Bone

Question 4

Fibroblasts are cells that form _______________, and fibrocytes maintain it.

Answer 4

fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

Chondroblasts form __________ and chondrocytes maintain it.

Answer 5

cartilage

Question 6

They are large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances, including microorganisms in the connective tissue.

Answer 6

Macrophages

Question 7

They are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, such as histamine, that promote inflammation.

Answer 7

Mast cells

Question 8

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue has three major components and these are?

Answer 8

protein fibers, ground substance, and fluid

Question 9

__________ consists of non-fibrous protein and other molecules. It is also shapeless

Answer 9

Ground substance

Question 10

The structure of the matrix is responsible for the functional characteristics of connective tissues—for example, they enable bones and cartilage to bear weight. True or false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

They resemble microscopic ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching.

Answer 11

Collagen fibers

Question 12

They are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network.

Answer 12

Reticular fibers

Question 13

They have the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality.

Answer 13

Elastic fibers

Question 14

They are large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides. They trap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.

Answer 14

proteoglycans

Question 15

Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid. It has thee subdivisions which are areolar, adipose, and reticular. Its most common cell are fibroblasts

Answer 15

Loose connective tissue

Question 16

It primarily consists of collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers.

Answer 16

Areolar connective tissue

Question 17

A fine network of fibers (mostly collagen fibers with a few elastic fibers) with spaces between the fibers; fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes are located in the spaces

Answer 17

Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 18

Functions as loose packing, support, and nourishment for the structures with which it is associated

Answer 18

Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 19

Widely distributed throughout the body; substance on which epithelial basement membranes rest; packing between glands, muscles, and nerves; attaches the skin to underlying tissues

Answer 19

Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 20

Consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage. It pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.

Answer 20

Adipose tissue

Question 21

It forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, such as in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow and the liver.

Answer 21

Reticular tissue

Question 22

Little extracellular matrix surrounding cells; the adipocytes, or fat cells, are so full of lipid that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell

Answer 22

Adipose Tissue

Question 23

Functions in packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred

Answer 23

Adipose Tissue

Question 24

Can be found predominantly in subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, renal pelves, around kidneys, attached to the surface of the colon, mammary glands, and in loose connective tissue that penetrates into spaces and crevices

Answer 24

Adipose Tissue

Question 25

Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged

Answer 25

Reticular Tissue

Question 26

Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues

Answer 26

Reticular Tissue

Question 27

Within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Answer 27

Reticular Tissue

Question 28

It has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space. There are two major subcategories of this tissue: collagenous and elastic. Examples of this tissue are tendons and ligaments

Answer 28

Dense connective tissue

Question 29

Matrix composed of collagen fibers and elastin fibers running in somewhat the same direction in elastic ligaments; elastic fibers run in connective tissue of blood vessel walls

Answer 29

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

Question 30

Capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation

Answer 30

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

Question 31

Elastic ligaments between the vertebrae and along the dorsal aspect of the neck (nucha) and in the vocal cords; also found in elastic connective tissue of blood vessel walls

Answer 31

Dense Elastic Connective Tissue

Question 32

It is composed of chondrocytes, located in spaces called lacunae within an extensive matrix. It is resilient because the proteoglycans of the matrix trap water. It provides support, but if bent or slightly compressed, it resumes its original shape.

Answer 32

Cartilage

Question 33

________ in the matrix gives cartilage flexibility and strength.

Answer 33

Collagen

Question 34

three types of cartilage

Answer 34

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

Question 35

the most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions, such as covering the ends of bones, where they form joints. Also forms the cartilage rings of the respiratory tract, the nasal cartilages, and the costal cartilages, which attach the ribs to the sternum (breastbone).

Answer 35

Hyaline cartilag

Question 36

Collagen fibers are small and evenly dispersed in the matrix, making the matrix appear transparent; the chondrocytes are found in spaces, or lacunae, within the firm but flexible matrix

Answer 36

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 37

Allows growth of long bones; provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose; forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces; forms the embryonic skeleton

Answer 37

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 38

Can be found in growing long bones, cartilage rings of the respiratory system, costal cartilage of ribs, nasal cartilages, articulating surface of bones, and the embryonic skeleton

Answer 38

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 39

It has more collagen than hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling. It is found in the disks between the vertebrae (bones of the back) and in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular (jaw) joints.

Answer 39

Fibrocartilage

Question 40

Collagen fibers similar to those in hyaline cartilage; the fibers are more numerous than in other cartilages and are arranged in thick bundles

Answer 40

Fibrocartilage

Question 41

Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structures subjected to great pressure

Answer 41

Fibrocartilage

Question 42

Found in intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and articular disks (e.g., knees and temporomandibular [jaw] joints)

Answer 42

Fibrocartilage

Question 43

It contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans. The elastic fibers appear as coiled fibers among bundles of collagen fibers. Iy is able to recoil to its original shape when bent. The external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube contain this cartilage.

Answer 43

Elastic cartilage

Question 44

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but matrix also contains elastic fibers

Answer 44

Elastic Cartilage

Question 45

Provides rigidity with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched

Answer 45

Elastic Cartilage

Question 46

Found in external ears, epiglottis, and auditory tubes

Answer 46

Elastic Cartilage

Question 47

It is a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix. Osteocytes are located within lacunae.

Answer 47

Bone

Question 48

This type of bone has spaces between trabeculae or plates, of bone and therefore resembles a sponge.

Answer 48

Spongy Bone

Question 49

This type of bone is more solid, with almost no space between many thin layers of mineralized matrix.

Answer 49

Compact bone

Question 50

Hard, bony matrix predominates; many osteocytes (not seen in this bone preparation) are located within lacunae; the matrix is organized into layers called lamellae

Answer 50

Bone

Question 51

Provides great strength and support and protects internal organs, such as the brain; it also provides attachment sites for muscles and ligaments; the joints of bones allow movements. It can be found in all bones of the body

Answer 51

Bone

Question 52

It a liquid connective tissue. It contains a liquid matrix called plasma and formed elements.

Answer 52

Blood

Question 53

Formed elements of blood are:

Answer 53

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Question 54

Formed elements and a fluid matrix

Answer 54

Blood

Question 55

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances; protects the body from infections and is involved in temperature regulation

Answer 55

Blood

Question 56

Found within the blood vessels; white blood cells frequently leave the blood vessels and enter the extracellular spaces

Answer 56

Blood

Question 57

It's main function is to contract, or shorten, making movement possible. The contraction results from contractile proteins located within the muscle cells.

Answer 57

Muscle tissue

Question 58

Skeletal muscle cells or fibers appear striated (banded); cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei

Answer 58

Skeletal Muscle

Question 59

Functions in movement of the body; under voluntary control and it is attached to bone or other connective tissue

Answer 59

Skeletal Muscle

Question 60

They are cylindrical and striated and have a single nucleus; they are branched and connected to one another by intercalated disks, which contain gap junctions

Answer 60

Cardiac Muscle

Question 61

It pumps the blood; under involuntary (unconscious) control and is found in the heart

Answer 61

Cardiac Muscle

Question 62

They are tapered at each end, are not striated, and have a single nucleus and found in hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestine; skin and eyes

Answer 62

Smooth Muscle

Question 63

Regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, and produces “goose bumps” in the skin; under involuntary (unconscious) control

Answer 63

Smooth Muscle

Question 64

It is a neuron consists of dendrites, a cell body, and a long axon; glia, or support cells, surround the neurons. It is found in the brain, spinal cord, and ganglia

Answer 64

Nervous Tissue

Question 65

Neurons transmit information in the form of action potentials, store information, and integrate and evaluate data; glia support, protect, and form specialized sheaths around axons

Answer 65

Nervous Tissue

Question 66

A thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity.

Answer 66

Tissue membrane

Question 67

- consist of epithelial cells, their basement membrane, and a thick layer of loose connective tissue. - line cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. - functions are protection, absorption, and secretion.

Answer 67

Mucous membranes

Question 68

- line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body, such as the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities. - consist of three components: a layer of simple squamous epithelium, its basement membrane, and a delicate layer of loose connective tissue. - do not contain glands, but they secrete a small amount of fluid called serous fluid, which lubricates the surface of the membranes.

Answer 68

Serous membranes

Question 69

- line the cavities of freely movable joints. - made up of only connective tissue and consist of modified connective tissue cells. - produce synovial fluid, which makes the joint very slippery, thereby reducing friction and allowing smooth movement within the joint.

Answer 69

Synovial membranes

Question 70

It occurs when tissues are damaged. It produces five major symptoms: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function.

Answer 70

Inflammation

Question 71

- involves substitution of dead cells for viable cells. - can occur by regeneration or replacement.

Answer 71

Tissue repair

Question 72

The new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.

Answer 72

Regeneration

Question 73

A new type of tissue develops, which eventually produces a scar and causes loss of some tissue function.

Answer 73

Replacement