Cell Biology (Topic 1) Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name all parts of a plant cell?
Nucleus, Chloroplast, mitochondria,
Call wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, vacuole
Name all parts of a animal cell?
Nucleus, Ribosomes, cell membrane , cytoplasm, Mitochondria
Name all parts of a bacteria cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, capsule, plasmids, ribosomes, loop of DNA, Pili, flagella, cytoplasm, Ribosomes
What is a prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes - bacteria cell
Eukaryotes - plant and animal cells
Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration?
Mitochondria
What controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
What contain genetic information in a cell?
Nucleus
How many chromosomes does a human skin cell contain?
23 pairs or 46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a human sperm cell have?
23 chromosomes
Why do cells undergo mitosis?
To produce new cells for growth and repair.
Name the 3 stages of cell division
- Stage 1 organelles copy
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Cell cycle?
-Cell grows and increases amount of organelles including replicating its DNA.
-Chromosomes pull at opposite sides of the cell.
-Nucleus splits into two nuclei.
-Cell splits and two identical daughter cells from.
What are embryonic stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells found in early stages of an embryo.
Name two medical conditions that embryonic stem cells could treat?
- Diabetes
- Spinal injuries/paralysis
Describe how to PREPARE an uncontaminated culture of bacteria?
- Sterilise the Petri dish, loop, agar gel, and working area to kill any unwanted microorganisms.
- Lift the lid slightly to introduce bacteria to the plate and replace lid quickly to prevent microorganisms from the air getting in.
- Secure the Petri dish lid with a small piece of tape.
What Is Diffusion?
The movement of gas particles or liquid from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Name three substances that are transported in and out of a animal cell?
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
- Amino acids
Describe an advantage of using therapeutic cloning to treat disease.
The stem cells would have the same DNA as the patient, so wouldn’t be rejected by the body.
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
What is the purpose of the objective lens on a light microscope?
To form and magnify an image of the specimen.
Name the parts of a light microscope?
Eye piece, objective lens, arm, stage clip, stage, adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, stage control knob, light source, base
Equation for calculating magnification?
I = AM
I = image
A = actual
M = magnification
How is the root hair cell adapted to carry out its function?
Large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions from soil.
Thin walls to make active transport and osmosis quicker.
Lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport.
Name three ions absorbed by root hair cells?
Magnesium - Mg 2+
Nitrate - NO 3-
Potassium - K+
