Organisation (Topic 2)

Question 1

Name the three main types of enzyme in the human body

Answer 1

Amylase, pepsin, lipase

Question 2

What is the site of production, substrate it tests and products of amylase?

Answer 2

Site of production - Salivary glands/Pancreas
Substrate it tests - starch
Products - glucose

Question 3

What is the site of production, substrate it tests and products of Pepsin?

Answer 3

Site of production - Stomach wall/pancreas
Substrate it tests - protein
Products - amino acids

Question 4

What is the site of production, substrate it tests and products of Lipase?

Answer 4

Site of production - Pancreas
Substrate it tests - fats
Products - 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

What is used to test for starch?

Answer 5

Iodine solution

Question 6

What colour does iodine solution turn for a positive and negative test?

Answer 6

Positive - blue-black
Negative - orange-brown

Question 7

What is used to test for protein?

Answer 7

Biuret

Question 8

What colour does Biuret turn for a positive and negative test?

Answer 8

Positive - purple
Negative - blue

Question 9

What is used to test for lipids?

Answer 9

Ethanol + water

Question 10

What colour does ethanol and water turn for a positive and negative test?

Answer 10

Positive - white emulsion
Negative - no emulsion

Question 11

What is used to test for glucose?

Answer 11

Benedict’s and needs to be heated

Question 12

What colour does Benedict’s turn for a positive and negative test?

Answer 12

Positive - red
Negative - blue

Question 13

What model is used to show enzyme function?

Answer 13

‘Lock and key’ model

Question 14

What is the area called between the enzyme and substrate?

Answer 14

Active site

Question 15

Following structure in order from smallest to largest: cell, organ, nucleus, tissue, organism

Answer 15

Nucleus, cell, tissue, organ, organism

Question 16

What happens when an enzyme goes over its optimum temperature?

Answer 16

Active site is denatured

Question 17

Why are enzyme’s biological catalysts?

Answer 17

They speed up useful chemical reactions in the body?

Question 18

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 18

Amino acids

Question 19

Are enzymes specific to a substance?

Answer 19

Yes, the active site can only fit one substances as it is specific to it. (Lock and key)

Question 20

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. How does it help digestion?

Answer 20

Neutralises stomach acid to raise pH for enzymes in small intestine.
Also emulsifies fat to give larger surface area for lipase to work faster.

Question 21

What is transpiration?

Answer 21

The evaporation and diffusion of water from the leaves of a plant

Question 22

3 factors that affect transpiration?

Answer 22

Temperature, light intensity and air flow or humidity.

Question 23

What is the function of phloem tissue?

Answer 23

To transport food substances (sucrose) around the plant. Process is called translocation.

Question 24

What is the function of xylem tissue?

Answer 24

To transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the stem and the leaves.

Question 25

Name All 11 parts of the heart

Answer 25

Vena cava, right atrium, right AV valve, right ventricle, semi-lunar valves, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left AV valve, left ventricle, aorta

Question 26

Name main parts of the lungs

Answer 26

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 27

Smoking affects?

Answer 27

Can cause lung disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease. For pregnant mothers - can result in low birth weight and premature birth.

Question 28

Describe the structure of an artery?

Answer 28

Thick layers of muscle for strength and elastic fibres so that they can spring back to help withstand high blood pressure.

Question 29

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker, muscle wall than the right ventricle?

Answer 29

The left ventricle has to pump blood at high pressure so that it can reach all body cells. Where as, the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs.

Question 30

Explain how coronary heart disease can lead to a heart attack?

Answer 30

The layers of fatty material blocks coronary arteries which restricts blood flow to the heart muscle cells. This results in a lack of oxygen and the heart muscles stop respiring which can lead to a heart attack.

Question 31

Give an advantage and disadvantage of ‘Stents’

Answer 31

Adv - Patients recover quickly and they are effective for a long time. Dis - There is a risk of patient developing a blood clot near the stent, which can lead to a heart attack.

Question 32

State 3 lifestyle factors that can impact a person’s physical and mental well-being.

Answer 32

Diet, exercise, stress, smoking, drinking alcohol

Question 33

4 main components of the blood and describe their function?

Answer 33

1. Red blood cells - transport oxygen. 2. White blood cells - defend against pathogens. 3. Platelets - help to clot the blood. 4. Plasma - liquid part of the blood, carries many substances.

Question 34

What is a carcinogen?

Answer 34

Substance that causes cancer.

Question 35

How does a faulty heart valve affect a person’s health?

Answer 35

Breathlessness, fatigue, tiredness

Question 36

3 ways that the lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange?

Answer 36

Large surface area, moist lining, thin walls, good blood supply

Question 37

What is rejection?

Answer 37

When the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the donor heart muscle cells.

Question 38

What are the group of cells that controls the resting heart rate?

Answer 38

Pacemaker

Question 39

What are statins?

Answer 39

Drugs that reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood and so reduce the building up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries.