Cell Communiacation

Question 1

Reception

Answer 1

Detection of a signaling molecule (ligand) coming from outside the cell

Question 2

Transduction

Answer 2

Convert signal to a form that can bring about a cellular response

Question 3

Ligand binds to receptor protein—>

Answer 3

Protein changes shape—-> initiates transduction

Question 4

G protein coupled receptor

Answer 4

The G protein acts as an on and off switch.
GDP: inactive
GTP: activates G protein couple receptors

Question 5

Tyrosine Kinase

Answer 5

The binding of a signaling molecules causes the two receptors to come together, forming a dimer, and activating the tyrosine kinase region.
Then phosphate from ATP molecule is added and recognized.

Question 6

Ligand Gated Ion Channels

Question 7

Local signaling: para crine signaling

Answer 7

A secreting cell acts on nearby target cell discharging molecules of a local regulator into the extracellular fluid

Question 8

Synaptic signaling

Answer 8

A nerve cell releases neurotransmitters into a synapse, stimulating the target cell.

Question 9

Long distance signaling

Answer 9

Hormones

Question 11

Kinase

Answer 11

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups

Question 12

Ion Channel Receptors

Answer 12

When ligand binds to the receptor, the “gate” is opened or closed, allowing specific ions in and changing concentration inside the cell.

Question 13

Phosphorylation cascade

Answer 13

Enhance and amplify the signal

Question 14

Secondary messengers

Answer 14

Small, non-protein molecules/ions that can relay signals inside the cell

Ex. cAMP, calcium ions