Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Catabolic

Answer 1

release energy, breaking complex molecules into simpler compounds

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

consume energy to build complex moleciles from simpler ones

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

energy associated with motion

Question 4

Potential energy

Answer 4

stored energy

Question 5

First law of thermodynamics (conservation of energy)

Answer 5

The energy in. the universe is constant.
Energy can be transformed not created or destroyed

Question 7

Second Law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

Every energy transfer increases entropy (disorder) in the universe

during every energy tranfer, some energy is lost as heat

Question 8

Catalyst

Answer 8

substance that can change the rate of a reaction
ex: enzyme

Question 9

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 9

binds to the active sirre of an enzyme, competes with substrate

Question 10

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 10

binds to another part of an enzyme, changing its shape, causing the active site to be nonfuctional

Question 11

All’osteria regulation

Answer 11

protein’s function at one site is affected by binding of a regulatory molecule to a seperate site (allosteric site)

Question 12

Feedback inhibition

Answer 12

end product binds to allosteric site, shutting down the enzyme

this prevents wasting resources if enough of something has been produced

Question 13

Purpose of cellular respiration

Answer 13

How our bodies make ATP (energy)

breaks down glucose

provides energy needs to phosphorilate ADP to ATP

energy is released as electrons “fall” from organic molecules to O2 (oxidation)

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

loses electrons
*think about: oxygen is very polar and takes the electrons

Question 15

Reductions

Answer 15

Gains electrons
*think about: gaining electrons causes something to be more negative, “reducing” the charge

Question 16

Formula for cellular respiration

Answer 16

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H20 +6CO2+ATP

Question 17

NAD+ —-> NADH

Answer 17

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier. Picks ups electrons, becoming NADH

Question 18

Step 1 of cellular respiration: Glycolysis

Answer 18

-Glucose is split into 2 pyruvates
-Net gain of 2ATP
-produces 2 pyruvates and 2NADH

Question 19

Fermentation

Answer 19

-After glycolysis, if oxygen is NOT present
-Because there is no oxygen to accept electrons, NADH donates e- to the pyruvate, forming lactic acid and NAD+
-now glycolysis can continue because NAD+ is available

Question 20

Step 2 of cellular respiration: pyruvate oxidation

Answer 20

occurs in matrix

results in 2 acetylCoA, 2CO2, 2NADH

pyruvate is oxidized

1 of 3 carbons binds to O2, forming CO2 (byproduct leaves the cell)

remaining of pyruvate + AcetylCoA

AcetylCoA can enter the krebs cycle

Question 21

Step 3 of cellular respiration: Krebs cycle

Answer 21

AcetylCoA + Oxalocetic Acid (4 carbon) forms 6 carbon citric acid

When citric acid is oxidized, electrons are removed and added to NAD+ and FAD, forming NADH and FAD2 to enter ETC

1 molecule of citric acid generates 3 molecules of NADH, 1 molecule of ATP, and 2CO2
because 2 pyruvates, 1 molecule of glucose through the krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2

Question 22

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 22

Adding P to ADP to form ATP. Powered by the movement of e- in ETC

Electron transport chain + chemiosmosis + oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

Step 4 for cellular respiration: Electron transport chain

Answer 23

NADH and FAD2 carry electrons picked up in krebs cycle and bring them to ETC

e- move down ETC towards electronegative oxygen, releasing energy as they “fall”

This energy is used to pump H+ across mitochondrial membrane, enter ATP synthase, ADP is phosphrylated into ATP

Question 24

Chemiosomosis

Answer 24

ADP —> ATP
H+ moving from high concentration to low, drives cellular work

Question 25

ATP synthase

Answer 25

enzyme that makes ATP

Question 26

Where does glycolysis occur

Answer 26

Cytosol

Question 27

Where does the Krebs cycle occur

Answer 27

Mitochondrial matrix