Chapter 1

Question 1

Carbohydrates
-monomer
-Bond
-composition
-examples

Answer 1

-monosaccharide
-Glycosidic linkage
-CHO 1:2:1
-Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 2

Proteins
-monomer
-Bond
-composition

Answer 2

-Amino Acid
-peptide bonds
-CHONS

Question 3

Protein Structure: Primary
-bond
-structure

Answer 3

-Peptide bonds between amino acids
-String of amino acids

Question 4

Protein Structure: secondary
-bond
-structure

Answer 4

-Hydrogen bonds between backbone
-Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

Question 5

Protein structure: Tertiary
-bond
-structure

Answer 5

-ANY
-Final 3D structure

Question 6

Protein Structure: Quaternary
-bond

Answer 6

-ANY between R groups of different polypeptides

Question 7

Nucleic Acids
-monomer
-Bond
-composition
-examples

Answer 7

-Nucleotide
-Phosphodiester linkage
-CHONP
-A,T,C,G

Question 8

Purines
-How many Rings
-which ones

Answer 8

Double ring
A, G

Question 9

Pyrimidine
-how many rings
-which ones

Answer 9

-Single ring
-C,U,T

Question 10

A & T
how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 10

2

Question 11

C & G
How many hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

3

Question 12

Lipids
-Composition
-Composition of fats
-Composition of phospholipids
-contain more energy, but are not the immediate source

Answer 12

-CHO
-Fats: 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
-Phospholipids:
Phosphate + glycerol + 2 fatty acids

Question 13

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 13

ALL single bonds

Question 14

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Answer 14

At least 1 double bond

Question 15

Phospholipids structure

Answer 15

Hydrophilic head (attracted to water) on outside, Hydrophobic tail (repelled by water) facing the inside

Question 16

Are all lipids polar or nonpolar?

Answer 16

Nonpolar

Question 17

Water: bonds between oxygen and hydrogen IN the water molecule

Answer 17

Polar covalent bonds

Question 18

Water: bonds between oxygen and hydrogen BETWEEN water molecules

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Cohesion

Answer 19

water molecules attracted to other WATER molecules

Question 20

Adhesion

Answer 20

Water molecules attracted to other POLAR substances

Question 21

Why is water is a universal solvent

Answer 21

Negatively charged oxygen binds with positively charged ions
Positively charged hydrogens binds to negatively charged ions

Question 22

Oxygen and nitrogen electronegativity

Answer 22

High

Question 23

carbon and hydrogren electronegativity

Answer 23

Low

Question 24

Acids

Answer 24

Increase concentration of H+

Question 25

Bases

Answer 25

removed H+ from a solution (OH-)

Question 26

Isomer

Answer 26

same formula different structure = different function

Question 27

Cis-Trans isomers

Answer 27

differ in spatial arrangment

Question 28

Isomers: Enantiomers

Answer 28

mirror images of molecules

Question 29

Functional group Amino

Answer 29

(-NH2) *think N for nitrogen

Question 30

Functional group Carboxyl

Answer 30

-COOH *Corbonyl + hydroxyl

Question 31

Functional group Carbonyl

Answer 31

C=O

Question 32

Functional group Hydroxyl

Answer 32

-OH