cell components

Question 1

s responsible for the control and mediation of cellular activities which is encoded in the
DNA macromolecules

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

components of a nucleus

Answer 2

nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus

Question 3

a dark basophilic line of demarcation between the nucleus and surrounding
cytoplasm under light microscope

Answer 3

nuclear membran

Question 4

under tem, what separates he inner and outer membrane of the nuclear membrane

Answer 4

narrow cisterna or perinuclear space

Question 5

this part of the nuclear membrane is continuous with the rer and its external surface is studded with ribosomes

Answer 5

outer membrane

Question 6

when the outer and inner membrane fuse to form a diaphragm-like ____

Answer 6

nuclear pore

Question 7

an amorphous ground substance of the nucleus

Answer 7

nucleoplasm/karyoplasm

Question 8

in nucleoplasm, the less dense areas are not occupie dby

Answer 8

nucleolus or chromatin

Question 9

the area of the nucleus suspended in the nucleoplasm that contains the DNA and
protein –containing ganules.

Answer 9

chromatin

Question 10

2 types of chromatin

Answer 10

euchromatina nd heterochromatin

Question 11

composed of dispersed chromatin (DNA) granules. The DNA is uncoiled for access during protein synthesis. It does not take stain. It is metabolically active and present is vesicular nucleus of actively secreting cells.

Answer 11

euchromatin

Question 12

composed of densely packed chromatin (DNA) granule. The DNA is coiled into its storage form. It stains darkly and generally located along the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane and metabolically
inactive.

Answer 12

heterochromatin

Question 13

Present in dense nucleus like that in lymphocyte.

Answer 13

chromati

Question 14

a prominently staining, highly refractive, smooth-surfaced body that occurs in the
nucleus

Answer 14

nucleolus

Question 15

its a small round body inside a cell nucleus, composed of protein and RNA and associated with
the formation of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Answer 15

nucleolus

Question 16

Under the light microscope, it appears as dark
blue dot inside the nucleus

Answer 16

nucleolus

Question 17

under the tem, it appears as a mass of granular and fibrillar material without an enclosing membrane.

Answer 17

the nucleolus

Question 18

serves as the site
of mRNA synthesis that facilitates the protein-making activity

Answer 18

nucleolus

Question 19

composed of the complex of chemical compounds and structures within an animal
cell excluding the nucleus. Contains the cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and cytoskeleton

Answer 19

cytoplasm

Question 20

he fluid component of the cell’s cytoplasm excluding organelles
and other structures. It is amorphous and homogenous. It is the medium which various formed elements
are suspended.

Answer 20

cytosol

Question 21

hardly visible in h&e

Answer 21

formed elements

Question 22

little organs are the living components of the cell and exhibits
characteristics of protoplasm

Answer 22

organelles

Question 23

differentiate active from passive organelles

Answer 23

active organelles participate in various metabolic processes while passive do not and provides anchorage or support to various cellular component

Question 24

passive organelles includes

Answer 24

centrioles, basal bodies, microbodies or peroxisomes, microtubules and filaments and fibrils

Question 25

The outer leaflets of the cell membrane is covered externally by a fuzzy glycoprotein a polysaccharide material they secrete called

Answer 25

cell coat or glycocalyx

Question 26

This layer acts as an ion trap, and helps the cells maintain normal internal levels of ions;

Answer 26

cell coat

Question 27

it also serves a protective function physically (resistant to ersion) and antigenic functions

Answer 27

cell coat

Question 28

e some degree of enzymatic activity and actually participates in digestion in the intestine

Answer 28

cell coat

Question 29

involved in glycogen and lipid synthesis and transport, biotransformation, and ion storage and transport.

Answer 29

smooth er

Question 30

a special SER of muscle cells used for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport

Answer 30

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

an extensive network of hollow cisterns (membranous tubules) with attached ribosomes that connect with the outer layer of the nuclear membrane

Answer 31

rough er

Question 32

e small RNA-containg dense granule that occurs freely in the cytoplasm or is attached to the RER.

Answer 32

ribosomes

Question 33

. Free ribosomes are scattered individually or in group called

Answer 33

polysomes

Question 34

s composed of an array of flattened discoid lamellae (5-10).

Answer 34

golgi apparatus

Question 36

which is less extensive in endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 36

smooth

Question 37

composed of fragmented membranous tubules

Answer 37

smooth er

Question 38

what processes occurs in the smooth er

Answer 38

fatty acid resynthesis and transport to cell borders steroid hormone and lipoprotein synthesis sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 39

a special smooth er of muscle cells for calcium ion sequestration and subsequent transport

Answer 39

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

cells that have high secretory activity of protein

Answer 40

neurons and pancreatic acinar cells which secretes digestive enzymes

Question 41

the forming face of the golgi apparatus in which proteins to be packaged or modified brought by transfer vesicles are attached

Answer 41

convex outer face

Question 42

maturing face of the golgi apparatus in ehich secretory vesicles with the modified product are pinched off

Answer 42

concave inner face

Question 43

participates kn the dynamic turnover of cell membrane, concentrates and packages secretory products, synthesizes polysaccharides, repository of vit c and produces lysosomes

Answer 43

golgi apparatus

Question 44

a very small organelle. only about . 1-.2 mm in diameter

Answer 44

mitochondrion

Question 45

shaped like a boat, with a smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane

Answer 45

mitochondrion

Question 46

the inner folded membrane of mitochondria is also called as the

Answer 46

cristae

Question 47

it divides the mitochondrial granules, which is a condensed calcium ion

Answer 47

cristae

Question 48

it contains enzymes for krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, ocidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation

Answer 48

mitochondria

Question 49

these are light, ovoid membrane-bound vesicle containing enzymes called acid hydrolases

Answer 49

lysosome

Question 50

what enzyme is in lysosome

Answer 50

acid hydrolases

Question 51

responsible for the digestion of materials taken in by the cell, autolysis and post mortem degeneration of cells

Answer 51

lysosome

Question 52

3 types of lysosome

Answer 52

phagolysosome or heterophagic vacuole muktivesicular vody autophagic vacuole

Question 53

t ingests membrane-bound solid particles and after digestion, it becomes residual body and ultimately extruded by the cell

Answer 53

phagolysosome

Question 54

lysosome with ingested phagocytic vesicles

Answer 54

multivesicular

Question 55

what happens to multivesicular body after digestion

Answer 55

reverts to primary lysosome waiting to be used again

Question 56

type of lysosome that ingest degenerative cellular components

Answer 56

autophagic vacuole

Question 57

combines the protein brought by ser with carbohydrates it produces to form glycoprotein secretion

Answer 57

golgi apparatus

Question 58

packages secretpry vesicles and gives them off from its mature face

Answer 58

golgi

Question 59

it contains protein (hydrolytic enzymes) for intercellular use and ingest substances to become secondary lysosome

Answer 59

primary lysosome

Question 60

it fuses with the cell membrane during actual release of glycoprotein substance from the cell.

Answer 60

secretory vesicles

Question 61

centrioles are contained within an area of cytoplasm called __&

Answer 61

centrosphere

Question 62

each cylinder of the centrioles contain what

Answer 62

9 triplets of microtubules arranged radially

Question 63

forms the base of the cilia in ciliated cells

Answer 63

basal bodies

Question 64

similar to mitochondria but smaller

Answer 64

microbodies and peroxisomes

Question 65

it contains enzymes that oxidize toxic substances such as alcohol and prevent them from foing any harm

Answer 65

microbodies and peroxisomes

Question 66

organs which has lots of peroxisomes

Answer 66

liver and kidney

Question 67

acts as skeleton and muscle in the cell which provides shape and structure and helps in movement if organelles around the cell

Answer 67

cytoskeleton

Question 68

polymerized subunits of a special protein tubulin with a size of 20-50 mm

Answer 68

microtubules

Question 69

forms the cytoplasmic support of the cilia, flagella, and tail of the spermatid

Answer 69

microtubules

Question 70

how does the cell propel cilia, flagella, or spermatic cord to move forward or backwards

Answer 70

through contractions of microtubules

Question 71

constitutes the spindle fibers in mitotic cells where they are involved in separation of the chromosomes during karyokinesis

Answer 71

microtubules

Question 72

they move the 2 sets of chromosomes apart

Answer 72

microtubules