muscle

Question 1

Movement in the body is accomplished by specialized cells called

Answer 1

muscle fiber

Question 2

responsible for locomotion or movement of the body

Answer 2

muscle tissue

Question 3

muscle tissue is highly specialized to contract because muscle cells contain ____

Answer 3

contractile myofilaments in cytoplasm

Question 4

muscle tissue is present in

Answer 4

walls of tubular organs, muscle organs, heAART

Question 5

a basic tissue specialized for contraction and transmission of impulses in aid of that contraction.

Answer 5

muslce

Question 6

an extreme example of specialization and differentiation

Answer 6

muscle

Question 7

things common to all muscle types

Answer 7

contraction is due to actin and myosin filaments and it is an all or none response
origin is from embryonic mesoderm
specialization caused the loos of ability to divide

Question 8

the force of contraction of muscles is transmittes through

Answer 8

a network of collagenous fibers

Question 9

Anatomic MUSCLES are bundles of individual cells called

Answer 9

myofibers

Question 10

what composes myofibers

Answer 10

contractile myofibrils

Question 11

organizational classification that make up muscle

Answer 11

sarcomere-myofilaments-myofibril-myofiber-muscle

Question 12

myofilaments are organized into ___

Answer 12

sarcomeres

Question 13

s the basic unit of contraction

Answer 13

sarcomere

Question 14

major component of muscle tissue

Answer 14

cells

Question 15

a term used for the combined plasmalemma and basal lamina

Answer 15

sarcolemma

Question 16

the cytoplasm of myofiber

Answer 16

sarcoplasm

Question 17

the endoplasmic reticulum of a myofiber

Answer 17

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

a form of smooth ER, is associated with the release of calcium ions needed for contraction

Answer 18

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

comprised of contractile proteins such as
actin and myosin.

Answer 19

myofilaments

Question 20

Connective tissue proper which
immediately surrounds a muscle fiber
forming a “basketwork” around individual
cells is

Answer 20

endomysium

Question 21

surrounds a bundle of fibers within a
muscle.

Answer 21

perimysium

Question 22

dense irregular connective tissue which surrounds the entire muscle.

Answer 22

epimysium

Question 23

classification of muscle cell based on function

Answer 23

voluntary and involuntary

Question 24

a muscle cell under the control of the conscious will

Answer 24

voluntary

Question 25

intrinsically contractile, involuntary where it responds to autonomic and hormonal stimuli and specialized for slow, prolonged contraction

Answer 25

smooth myocytes

Question 26

this type of muscle cell is surrounded by a basal lamina except at its junction with another cell

Answer 26

smooth myocyte

Question 27

smooth muscle cells uses this to communicate

Answer 27

gap junctions

Question 28

It has fusiform or spindle-shaped cell with tapered ends and wide middle containing a centrally located oval nucleus with 15-20 microns wide and 0.2-0.5 mm in length

Answer 28

smooth myocyte

Question 29

Sarcoplasm does not show a banding pattern like the skeletal and cardiac myocytes because the myofilaments are arranged differently.

Answer 29

smooth muscle

Question 30

One distinguishing physiological feature of smooth myocyte is

Answer 30

its ability to secrete ct matrix

Question 31

In the walls of blood vessels and the uterus in particular, smooth muscle fibers secretes ____

Answer 31

large amount of collagen and elastin

Question 32

are long (up to 50 cm) and cylindrical (about 100um um diameter) with blunt ends

Answer 32

skeletal muscle cell

Question 33

the middle nad terminal part of this cell have the same size, and individual cells are surrounded by a basement membrane

Answer 33

skeletal muscle cell

Question 34

contains many small dark oval nuclei located in the peripheral area of the cytoplasm

Answer 34

skeletal muscle cell

Question 35

the muscle cell where the cytoplasm presents cross-stiations oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cell

Answer 35

skeletal muscle cell

Question 36

the primary distinguishing feature of muscle tissue

Answer 36

convertion of chemical to mechanical energy and heat (atp to enrgy and heat)

Question 37

the surrounding cell membrane of muscle is called the

Answer 37

sarcolemma

Question 38

the intercellular substance of the muscle is composed of

Answer 38

collagenous ct with some elastic fiber

Question 39

the force of contraction is transmitted through ____

Answer 39

connective tissue

Question 40

this is composed of A (dark) bands which contains thick myosin and thin actin filaements

Answer 40

sarcometre

Question 41

it contains thin actin filaments that are located on both ends of a bands

Answer 41

i band (light or isotropic)

Question 42

a narrow light zone that bisects the a bands represents the gap between the free ends of the actin filaments

Answer 42

h band

Question 43

dark lines that bisect i bands and represents the peripheral limits of one sarcomere and the site where the actin filaments of one sarcomere are attached t

Answer 43

z band

Question 44

what connects one sarcomere to another sarcomere

Answer 44

cross bridges

Question 45

3 classification of the functional state of the sarcomere

Answer 45

relaxed, contracted, stretched

Question 46

these sarcomeres have myosin filaments (a band) in the middle and the actin filaments (i band) eztends from z line to the middle of the sarcomere

Answer 46

relaxed

Question 47

describe the relaxed state of sarcomeres in transverse

Answer 47

1 myosin is surrounded by a hexagon of actin filaments

Question 48

contraction accdg to the sliding filament hypothesis occurs when

Answer 48

the cross bridges alternately disconnects and reconnect the myosin filaments to a new sites along the actin filaments

Question 49

have actin filament overextend from their original relaxed position and almost slide away from myosin filaments

Answer 49

stretched sarcomeres

Question 50

the distinct clumps of fine pink dots in the cytoplasm that represent the cut surface of myofibrils

Answer 50

fields of cohnheim

Question 51

processes that involves some degree of mobility or contraction

Answer 51

mitosis, phagocytosis, amoeboid migration of wbc into extravascular tissue

Question 52

state of sarcomere where the i band diminishes in length but a band does not

Answer 52

contracted

Question 53

the energy for contraction is provided by

Answer 53

atp breakdown to adp

Question 54

the h band is almost wide almost obliterating a banf

Answer 54

stretched

Question 55

transverse section o fstretched sarcomere

Answer 55

skeletal myocyte is polygonal in outline with dark blue, triangular nuclei at the periphery

Question 56

3 types of myocyte

Answer 56

cardiac, red skeletal, white skeletal

Question 57

red, smaller, and has more mitochondrial s

Answer 57

red skeletal

Question 58

slow twitch, less tension and high endurance

Answer 58

red skeletal

Question 59

white, larger, dast twitches, more tension but easily fatigued

Answer 59

white skeletal myocyte

Question 60

involuntary and striated with more mitochondria

Answer 60

cardiac myocytes

Question 61

cardiac myoscyte is found in the

Answer 61

myocardium of the heart

Question 62

ordinary vs special cardiac myocyte

Answer 62

ordinary is much smaller, elongated and branched. has one or two centrally located oval nuclei. while special is larger and wider

Question 63

transverse of ordinary cardiac

Answer 63

polygonal with centrally located round or ovoid nucleu and cytoplasm shows fields of cohnheim