the cell

Question 1

it is the regulated, integrated, dynamic, balanced, and maintained, accumulations, of biochemical substances, salts and water

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

the colorless liquid or colloidal contents of living cell, composed of proteins, fats, and other organic substances in water, inorganic salts and including the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 2

protoplasm

Question 3

it constitutes approximately 75% of the protoplasmic mass

Answer 3

water

Question 4

it constitutes less than 10% of the total water and involved intimately in the structural integrity of the chemical components

Answer 4

bound water

Question 5

it is involved actively in the chemical events, characteristics, of protoplasm and also acts as solvents in which all of the miscible substances are dissolved

Answer 5

free water

Question 6

the phase in which other substances are suspended, imparting colloidal properties to protoplasm

Answer 6

free water

Question 7

a suspension of small particle dispersed in another substance

Answer 7

colloid

Question 8

It contains particles of a size sufficient to prevent their passing through semipermeable membrane. Can occur as sols or gels (proteins) which are gelatinous or mucinous in characteristics.

Answer 8

colloid

Question 9

differentiate sols from gels

Answer 9

Sols are colloidal suspensions with fluid-like properties while Gels are semisolid mixture of small particles of a solid in a liquid colloid

Question 10

Substances that pass through semipermeable membranes when dissolved in water

Answer 10

crystalloids

Question 10

the primary extraprotoplasmic ions

Answer 10

sodium and chloride

Question 10

important crystalloid

Answer 10

glucose and many ions

Question 10

the primary protoplasmuc cation

Answer 10

potassium

Question 10

the common biochemical of protoplasm.

Answer 10

Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

Question 10

primary protoplamic anions

Answer 10

bicarbonates and sulphates

Question 10

considered the repository of information essential for life. They contain the genetic code and serve as blueprints for the synthesis of the most important products of cells – proteins.

Answer 10

nucleic acid

Question 10

macromolecules of repeating nucleotides

Answer 10

nuclic acid

Question 11

nucleotides are composed of

Answer 11

pentose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

primary nucleic acid of the nucleus, but small quantities also occur in mitochondria.

Answer 11

dna

Question 12

nucleotides occur in the form of

Answer 12

atp and cAMP

Question 13

a high energy storage compound that releases energy when a phosphate bond is broken;

Answer 13

atp

Question 14

considered a second cell messenger, stimulates enzymatic reactions and may be a factor in gene regulation.

Answer 14

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Question 15

serve as the primary structural and functional components of the cell. It is essential for the architectural and metabolic integrity of the living systems

Answer 15

proteins

Question 16

biological compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is an important source of food and energy. It can be classified as monosaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides.

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

biological compound that is not soluble in water, e.g. a fat. It includes waxes, oils, sterols, triglycerides, phosphatides and phospholipids

Answer 17

lipids

Question 18

Biological properties of cells includes

Answer 18

metabolism, irritability, contractility, conductivity, excretion, endocytosis and exocytosis, growth, maintenance and reproduction.

Question 19

the sum of all reactions that occur within cells.

Answer 19

metabolism

Question 19

is a metabolic process in which energy is used to make compounds and tissues from simple molecules. It is a chemical reactions resulting in the synthesis of new molecular substances that is essential for growth, maintenance and repair.

Answer 19

anabolism

Question 20

the production of energy through the conversion of complex molecules into simpler ones.

Answer 20

catabolism

Question 21

example of catabolism

Answer 21

Internal respiration, or the chemical utilization of foodstuffs for heat and energy production,

Question 22

the ability of cells to respond to stimuli in it environment. Best exhibited by nerve cells (neurons), which are highly specialized to receive stimuli

Answer 22

irritability

Question 23

the ability to transmit waves of excitation along their cellular membrane/transfer of information. Specially exhibited by the nerve cells and muscle cells

Answer 23

conductivity

Question 24

form reactivity. Most cells change shape by shortening along their long axes. This allows them to accomplish work.

Answer 24

contractility

Question 25

the ability to take up small molecules from the blood and transform them into more complex and useful substances that are then released into its environment

Answer 25

secretion

Question 26

The process of producing a substance from the cells and fluids within a gland or organ and discharging it. It is an active process that requires energy.

Answer 26

secretion

Question 27

the act or process of discharging waste matter of metabolism and useful substances from the tissues or organs.

Answer 27

excretion

Question 28

t is a passive process and does not require energy.

Answer 28

excretion

Question 29

essential for homeostasis of cells.

Answer 29

endo and exocytosis

Question 30

the ability to engulf substances by phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

Answer 30

endocytosis

Question 31

is the engulfment of fluid substance

Answer 31

pinocytosis

Question 32

the engulfment of solid substance

Answer 32

phagocytosis

Question 33

the ability to discharge materials or the exit of materials from the cells.

Answer 33

exocytosis

Question 34

is an increase in the number or size of cells.

Answer 34

growth

Question 35

the renewal and replacement of cells (through mitosis) to maintain the normal cell population.

Answer 35

maintenance

Question 36

the increase in the number of cells through mitosis.

Answer 36

reproduction

Question 37

shapeof cell is influenced by

Answer 37

functional specialization

Question 38

cells specialized for filtration

Answer 38

squamous

Question 39

cells for conductivity

Answer 39

nerve cells with axons and dendrites

Question 40

why is the lining cells in the surface of small intestine are columnar

Answer 40

because adjacent cells are closely apposed and the pressure between themdoesnt allow cells to expand laterally

Question 41

inherent ability of the cells to alter shape example

Answer 41

white blood cell