cell cycle

Question 1

the eukaryotic cell cycle is divided into

Answer 1

4 phases: G1, S, G2, M

Question 2

When in mitosis does DNA replication occur?

Answer 2

S phase

Question 3

what form is DNA in in interphase?

Answer 3

chromatin (mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes)

Question 4

what is the kinetochore

Answer 4

protein structure on chromatid where the microtubules attach

Question 5

what do plants have to assist in cytokensis and what do they do?

Answer 5

cell plates which grows outwards from centre of the cell to help them separate

Question 6

what is cell plate made up of?

Answer 6

plasma membranes and cell wall components delivered by vesicles

Question 7

spindle assembly checkpoint at m to a checkpoint ensures

Answer 7

spindle fibre is attached properly to chromatid

Question 8

what does BrdU do?

Answer 8

incorporates into the growing strand during the S phase (can do this coz it mimics thymidine)

Question 9

flow cytometry of proliferating cells show

Answer 9

DNA content of cells at different stages of the cell cycle

Question 10

what are cyclins?

Answer 10

proteins that control the progression of cell cycle

Question 11

cdks are present at xxx but xxx

Answer 11

constant levels but must be activated to work

Question 12

what does phosphorylation do?

Answer 12

changes the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become either activated or deactivated thus modifying its function

Question 13

what do cdks do?

Answer 13

phosphorylate proteins involved in cell cycle regulation

eg ones that control chromosome condensation

Question 14

how is cdk2 activated?(t loop)

Answer 14

cyclin binds to it and moves the T loop away from active site and partially activates cdk2

then CAK phosphorylates an amino acid n on the Cdk active site causing conformational change

Question 15

what are cdks activated by

Answer 15

cyclins

Question 16

interphase is made up of

Answer 16

g1, s, g2