cell cycle

Question 1

timeline of cell cycle

Answer 1

-interphase

-prophase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase

-cytokinesis

NOTE: PMAT = MITOSIS
PMAT + CYTOKINESIS = CELL
DIVISION

Question 2

How is DNA organized? (the idea of condensing and similar sounding terms)

Answer 2

Chromatin (long strands of DNA found in interphase, not visible)

–> Chromosomes (condensed version of chromatin) (“chromosomes are created before prophase really begins”)

–> Chromatid (1 identical strand of DNA) (“sister chromatids are the “two”)

-> Centromere, a structure that counts a chromosome as 1, and holds the chromatids together.

Question 3

What are cell checkpoints (before naming them out?)

Answer 3

Cell checkpoints are SPECIALIZED PROTEINS, monitor cell activity and the surrounding of the cell

• determines whether or not a cell can go through mitosis

Question 4

What are the 3 cell checkpoints

Answer 4

1. not enough nutrients to support cell growth. (can happen in any phase)
2. DNA is not replicated. (interphase)
3. DNA is damaged.
   -> Spindle fibers did not attached to the centrosomes, therefore the chromosomes cannot go to the “poles.” (AFFECTS BOTH METAPHASE AND ANAPHASE)

Question 5

What happens if a cell “checks” a cell checkpoint?

Answer 5

Cell suicide occurs! (Also known as “programmed cell death.”)

1) Necrosis
-> Unorganized cell death because of age or damage

2) Apoptosis
->Organized breakdown of a cell
-> involves CASPASES (proteins)
->Cell components can be reused by surrounding cells

Question 6

What is interphase?

Answer 6

1) Cell is actively growing
2) Duplication of DNA (the creation of a sister chromatid)
3) Carrying out cell functions