Cell Cycle

Question 1

G1 phase

Answer 1

2n; organelles and protein are growing and dividing

Question 2

S phase

Answer 2

4n; chromosomes have duplicated

Question 3

G2 phase

Answer 3

4n; more growth of cell; extra cytoplasm and necessary enzymes

Question 4

M phase

Answer 4

2 (2n); cell divides into two identical daughter cells

Question 5

G0 phase

Answer 5

resting phase; restriction point between committed G1 phase and resting Go phase

Question 6

Prophase

Answer 6

DNA separates into sister chromatids; spindle assembles

Question 7

Metaphase

Answer 7

chromatids align on plate; pulled by kinetochores

Question 8

Anaphase

Answer 8

chromatids separate; spindle disassembles

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

chromosomes packed into nuclei; cytokinesis

Question 10

Restriction checkpoint

Answer 10

between G1 and S phase; needs G1/S cyclin

Question 11

G2/M checkpoint

Answer 11

between G2 and M phase; needs G2/M cyclin

Question 12

Spindle assembly checkpoint

Answer 12

metaphase to anaphase transition; assembly checked

Question 13

DNA damage checkpoints

Answer 13

at G1, S and G2 before any dividing occurs

Question 14

S cyclin

Answer 14

triggers chromosomal duplication

Question 15

M cyclin

Answer 15

triggers progression past G2/M phase

Question 16

G1/S cyclin

Answer 16

moves through restriction point using growth factors

Question 17

MAP/M-Cdk

Answer 17

what starts mitosis; is M-Cdk with M cyclin

Question 18

Mitotic spindle

Answer 18

made of Mts (kinetochore and astral)

Question 19

Centrosome

Answer 19

made of Mts and motor proteins

Question 20

Kinetochore

Answer 20

built on heterochromatin and centromere (made of Mts) which de-polymerize

Question 21

RhoA

Answer 21

helps with cytoskeleton; activated RhoA (using GEF) helps cells cleave at telophase

Question 22

APC/C

Answer 22

anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome; degrades all the cyclins and securins; allows for separation of chromatids by separase which cleaves cohesins