Translation

Question 1

tRNA

Answer 1

has anticodon and acceptor stem

Question 2

aminoacyl-tRNA

Answer 2

is charged and laoded with amino acid

Question 3

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 3

covalently links tRNA with correct amino acid at the expense of ATP

Question 4

Ribosome

Answer 4

small and large subunits
small-tRNA acceptor
large-peptide bond formation

Question 5

Ribosome binding sites

Answer 5

A site-charged tRNA
P site-peptide bond forms
E site-tRNa exits
mRNA binding site-mRNA attached and read

Question 6

Initiation

Answer 6

met-tRNA is in P site of small ribosome
small ribosome binds 5’ cap
small unit reads until it reaches AUG
intiation facotrs start; large ribosome joins

Question 7

Termination

Answer 7

reach stop codon
tRNA looking release factor binds
no peptide bond can be made
peptidyl transferase adds OH to aminoacyl-tRNA
peptide releases

Question 8

Heat Shock Proteins

Answer 8

Hsp70-binds short HB stretch; keeps protein unfolded; helps guide it to destination
Hsp60-forms chamber where protein can fold properly

Question 9

Proteosome

Answer 9

destroy using ATP incorrectly folded proteins into short, usable peptides once they have been tgged

Question 10

Ubiquitination

Answer 10

3 enzymes: U-activating, conjugating and ligase
U activating activates U and binds it to itself
U activating gives activated U to U conjugating
U conjugating will go to U ligase and attach the U tag onto the protein which has an internal seq for degradation
process will continue until a polyU chain is created
proteosome recognizes this chain and degrades protein