cell differentiation, cell specialization, and stem cells Flashcards
(44 cards)
what do specialized cells have?
special shapes and structures that allow them to do specific functions
what is cell differentiation?
the process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific job
what directs cell differentiation?
genetic information (DNA) inside cell
when does cell differentiation occur?
during early development of living organisms
what is cell specialization?
the process by which cells develop form similar cells into cells that have specific functions within a multi cellular organism
where does a specialized cell come from?
a non specialized cell (stem cell)
do specialized cells look alike?
no
specialized cells are ______ internally
different
muscle cells that use a lot of energy– more _______
mitochondrion
intestine cells that produce mucus– more _________
Golgi bodies
fat cells that store fat molecules– large _________
vacuole
specialized cells carry out a _________
specific job
skeletal muscle cell
contract to allow movement
fat cell
store energy in the form of fat
nerve cell
conduct electrical signals or coordinate activities
red blood cell
deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
what are stem cells?
non specialized cells that can produce various specialized cells
stem cells can __________ through mitosis and cytokinesis
divide to produce copies of themselves
daughter cells can develop into different types of cells based on _________
which genes are switched on
when and where can stem cells be found in the human body?
in various parts of the human body at every stage of development to adult
stem cells are found in groups that ________
differentiate into different tissues layers
what are 3 types of stem cells?
embryonic stem cells
totipotent stem cells
pluripotent stem cells
where are embryonic stem cells found?
in very young embryos (less than one week old)
where are totipotent stem cells found?
in early embryos (within 24 hours)
