cell cycle and division (2)

Question 1

non division phase

Answer 1

interphase (growth, preparation)

Question 2

division phase

Answer 2

mitosis (division of nucleus), cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm, organelles)

Question 3

when can a cell not go through division?

Answer 3

other cells inform the cell that more cells of that type are not required
not enough nutrients are available to provide for cell growth
DNA has not replicated
DNA is damaged

Question 4

when are the 3 “checkpoints”?

Answer 4

G1 => S1 (is DNA intact)
G2 => M (has DNA been replicated)
metaphase => anaphase (are chromosomes aligned at centre)

Question 5

chromatin

Answer 5

loose, stringy mass where chromosomes cannot be seen

Question 6

chromosome

Answer 6

during mitosis, DNA coils and chromosomes can be seen

Question 7

what are 2 types of chromosome appearances?

Answer 7

single stranded

double stranded

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

holds double stranded chromosomes together

Question 9

chromatid

Answer 9

each strand in a double stranded chromosome

Question 10

sister chromatids

Answer 10

two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere

Question 11

homologous chromosomes

Answer 11

2 identical pairs of chromotids

Question 12

order of cell cycle events

Answer 12

interphase 
prophase 
metaphase 
anaphase 
telophase 
cytokinesis

Question 13

what is the longest phase?

Answer 13

interphase

Question 14

interphase

cells do ________

Answer 14

whatever activities it is meant to do and prepare for cell division

Question 15

how does a cell prepare for division?

Answer 15

growing
making more organelles
replicating DNA

Question 16

prophase

chromatin _______ and chromosomes become ______

Answer 16

condenses / visible

Question 17

prophase

nuclear membrane starts to ______

Answer 17

break down

Question 18

prophase

nucleolus ______

Answer 18

disappears

Question 19

prophase

centrosomes move toward _________ and begin to form ______

Answer 19

opposite ends of cell / spindle fibres

Question 20

metaphase

chromosomes line up ________

Answer 20

along centre of cell

Question 21

metaphase

centrioles reach ________

Answer 21

opposite ends of cell

Question 22

metaphase

each centromere attaches to ______

Answer 22

2 spindle fibres (one on each end)

Question 23

metaphase

nuclear membrane is _____

Answer 23

completely dissolved

Question 24

anaphase

daughter chromosomes are pulled to _________

Answer 24

opposite side of cell

Question 25

anaphase | the centromere ________ and the chromatids _________

Answer 25

breaks apart / separate

Question 26

anaphase | spindle fibres _______

Answer 26

retract

Question 27

telophase | two ___________ are formed

Answer 27

daughter nuclei

Question 28

telophase | spindle fibres ________

Answer 28

start to disappear

Question 29

telophase | ______ begins to form around the nucleus at each end of the cell

Answer 29

new nuclear membrane

Question 30

telophase | nucleolus ______

Answer 30

appears

Question 31

telophase | chromosomes reach ______

Answer 31

opposite ends of cell

Question 32

telophase | chromosomes become _______

Answer 32

less coiled and harder to see

Question 33

cytokinesis | occurs during _______

Answer 33

late telophase

Question 34

cytokinesis | cytoplasm and organelles ________

Answer 34

divide into two equal parts

Question 35

cytokinesis | the division of organelles produces ______

Answer 35

two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 36

cytokinesis: animal cells | a ring of _________ around the middle of the cell starts to contract

Answer 36

specialized protein

Question 37

cytokinesis: animal cells | cell membrane pinches in and forms _______

Answer 37

cleavage furrow

Question 38

cytokinesis: animal cells | the parent cell is pinched until it divides into _______

Answer 38

two daughter cells

Question 39

cytokinesis: plant cells | Golgi bodies start to produce _________ which _____________

Answer 39

small vesicles / carry the materials needed to form a new cell wall

Question 40

cytokinesis: plant cells | vesicles line up between the two net nuclei, forming a ______

Answer 40

cell plate

Question 41

cytokinesis: plant cells | cell plate grows outwards and _______

Answer 41

joins the old cell wall

Question 42

cytokinesis: plant cells | the new ________ forms inside the new cell wall

Answer 42

cell membrane

Question 43

cytokinesis: plant cells | the parent cell is divided into _________

Answer 43

two daughter cells