Cell Injury

Question 1

What can cause injury to cells

Answer 1

• decreased O2
• nutrition
• hypersensitivity
• immune reactions
• surgery
• pathogens
• heat
• genetic disease

Question 2

Define ischemia

Answer 2

insufficient blood flow for cell homeostasis and metabolic function

Question 3

What is the most common cause of infection

Answer 3

bacteria and viral agents

Question 4

Difference between the two types of injury to cells

Answer 4

Sub-lethal: is reversible, the nucleus is preserved, and there are biochemical changes in the cell
Lethal: is cell death (necrosis), results in changes in the nucleus, and the cell membrane is disrupted

Question 5

What are common cellular adaptations

Answer 5

• Atrophy (lack of use/aging)
• Hypertrophy (overuse)
• Hyperplasia (callus/skin build up)
• Metaplasia (cells changes from one type to another)
• Dysplasia (tumor/mass)

Question 6

What metabolic products decrease cell function

Answer 6

• lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• pigments

Question 7

Define apoptosis

Answer 7

• programmed cell death
• phagocytosis without inflammation
• triggered by stimulus or agent

Question 8

Define necrosis

Answer 8

• active process of cellular death
• caused by alterations to the nucleus