Cell Injury Definitions

Question 1

Abnormal body process with characteristic set of signs or symptoms that may affect the whole body or any of its parts

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Refers to damage or pathologic alterations in molecules and structure that can occur in cells and extracellular components or tissue

Answer 2

Injury

Question 3

Changes in function and structure that maintain a homeostatic state and maintain cell viablility

Answer 3

Adaptation

Question 4

Pathologic alterations in cell molecules and structure that are associated with abnormal function and with loss of homeostatic state

Answer 4

Reversible injury

Question 5

Damage to cell reaches magnitude or duration where the cell passes a “point of no return”, the cell cannot recover and dies

Answer 5

Irreversible injury and cell death

Question 6

Death of cells or tissues through injury or disease, esp in a localized area of the body

Answer 6

Necrosis

Question 7

Programmed cell death or necrobiosis; specialized form of cell death that is often triggered by specific receptor mediated stimuli or by loss of signals on well differentiated cells: occurs both physiologically and pathologically

Answer 7

Apoptosis

Question 8

Nuclear shrinkage with increased basophilia

Answer 8

Pyknosis

Question 9

Fragmentation of chromatin

Answer 9

Karyorrhexis

Question 10

Dissolution of chromatin

Answer 10

Karyolysis

Question 11

Hydrolytic changes that occur to cells and tissues after somatic death; the destruction of tissues or cells of an organism by the action of substances, such as enzymes, that are produced within the organism

Answer 11

Autolysis

Question 12

A chemical species that has a single unpaired electron in an outer orbital

Answer 12

Free radical

Question 13

Change in cellular structure or function so that it can maintain a homeostatic state and preserve the viability of the cell in the face of continued stress

Answer 13

Adaptation

Question 14

Decrease in cell size (decrease in cell substance) due to decrease in functional demand or lack of nutrients, oxygen, endocrine stimulation or nerve stimulation

Answer 14

Atrophy

Question 15

An increase in cell size (increase in cell substance)

Answer 15

Hypertrophy

Question 16

Increase in cell numbers

Answer 16

Hyperplasia

Question 17

Replacement of one adult cell type with another (reversible)

Answer 17

Metaplasia

Question 18

Abnormal Calcium deposition in dead or degenerating tissue

Answer 18

Dystrophic calcification

Question 19

Abnormal Calcium deposition in “normal” tissues secondary to hypercalcemia

Answer 19

Metastatic calcification

Question 20

Accumulation of abnormal proteinaceous substances from several protein sources with eosinophilic staining properties that accumulates between cells and has beta pleated sheet conformation

Answer 20

Amyloidosis

Question 21

Accumulation of particulate matter within the lung

Answer 21

Pneumoconiosis

Question 22

Substances produced by the organism/cell accumulate when they are produced in quantities that exceed the cell’s ability to metabolize or secrete them; or if the cell is lacking enzymatic capacity to metabolize them

Answer 22

Endogenous cell pigments

Question 23

A breakdown product from heme proteins derived from hemoglobin and from other heme groups such as cytochromes

Answer 23

Bilirubin

Question 24

The yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to elevated blood levels of bilirubin

Answer 24

Jaundice (icterus)

Question 25

Protein malnutrition with adequate calorie intake

Answer 25

Kwashiorkor

Question 26

Study of causes of disease

Answer 26

Etiology

Question 27

Step by step development of a disease or how it happened

Answer 27

Pathogenesis

Question 28

Abnormality indicative of a disease, clinical signs ONLY in animals

Answer 28

Signs or symptoms

Question 29

Abnormality in function or morphological change or both

Answer 29

Lesion

Question 30

Two or more diseases with similar signs

Answer 30

Differential diagnosis

Question 31

Identification of a disease

Answer 31

Diagnosis

Question 32

Prediction of the outcome of a disease

Answer 32

Prognosis

Question 33

Characteristic or indicative for a specific disease

Answer 33

Pathognomonic

Question 34

Ability to cause disease

Answer 34

Pathogenicity

Question 35

Removal of tissue from living patients for diagnostic histopathological examinations

Answer 35

Biopsy

Question 36

Disease transmittable from animal to man

Answer 36

Zoonosis

Question 37

Characterized by cessation of vital signs

Answer 37

Death