Cell Injury Definitions Flashcards
Abnormal body process with characteristic set of signs or symptoms that may affect the whole body or any of its parts
Disease
Refers to damage or pathologic alterations in molecules and structure that can occur in cells and extracellular components or tissue
Injury
Changes in function and structure that maintain a homeostatic state and maintain cell viablility
Adaptation
Pathologic alterations in cell molecules and structure that are associated with abnormal function and with loss of homeostatic state
Reversible injury
Damage to cell reaches magnitude or duration where the cell passes a “point of no return”, the cell cannot recover and dies
Irreversible injury and cell death
Death of cells or tissues through injury or disease, esp in a localized area of the body
Necrosis
Programmed cell death or necrobiosis; specialized form of cell death that is often triggered by specific receptor mediated stimuli or by loss of signals on well differentiated cells: occurs both physiologically and pathologically
Apoptosis
Nuclear shrinkage with increased basophilia
Pyknosis
Fragmentation of chromatin
Karyorrhexis
Dissolution of chromatin
Karyolysis
Hydrolytic changes that occur to cells and tissues after somatic death; the destruction of tissues or cells of an organism by the action of substances, such as enzymes, that are produced within the organism
Autolysis
A chemical species that has a single unpaired electron in an outer orbital
Free radical
Change in cellular structure or function so that it can maintain a homeostatic state and preserve the viability of the cell in the face of continued stress
Adaptation
Decrease in cell size (decrease in cell substance) due to decrease in functional demand or lack of nutrients, oxygen, endocrine stimulation or nerve stimulation
Atrophy
An increase in cell size (increase in cell substance)
Hypertrophy
