Cell Pathology

Question 1

Tumor

Answer 1

any mass forming lesion

Question 2

Neoplasm

Answer 2

autononymous growth of tissue wich has escaped normal dimensions of cell proliferation (Benign or Malignant)

Question 3

Hamartomas

Answer 3

localised, normal tissue cells but abnormal architecture (benign)

Question 4

Heterotopia

Answer 4

Normal tissue cells at wrong place

Question 5

Difference Malignant and Benign Tumor (4 Points)

Answer 5

1. Invasion
2. Metastasis
3. Differentiation
4. Growth pattern

Question 6

Spread of Malignant neoplasms

Answer 6

1. Direct extension
2. Lymphatic
3. Haematogenous
4. Transcoelomic (body cavaties)
5. Perineural

Question 7

Lethal cell injury

Answer 7

Cells die

Question 8

Sublethal cell injury

Answer 8

cells get injured –> may be reversible or progress into cell death

Question 9

List Causes of cell injury

Answer 9

1. oxygen deprivation
2. chemical agents
3. infectious agents
4. Immune response
5. Genetic disorders
6. Nutritinal Imbalance
7. Physical agents
8. Aging

Question 10

Atrophy

Answer 10

cell size or organ size shrinking due to cell substance loss (size)

Question 11

Hypertrophy

Answer 11

increased cell size –> results into organ increase size

physiological or pathological

due to 1. increased funtional demand or 2. hormonal stimmulation

Question 12

Hyperplasia

Answer 12

inrease number of cells

pathological –> hormonal growht factors

physiological –> hormonal or compensatory

Question 13

Metaplasia

Answer 13

reversible

cell type gets exchanged by another

Question 14

Dysplasia

Answer 14

precancerous cells –> genetic and cytolocical cancer characteristics but without invasion

Question 15

Necrosis

Answer 15

confluent cell death associated with inflammation

Question 16

Coagulated necrosis

Answer 16

cells die, but can still be recognized as single cells

Question 17

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 17

Just in Brain

No cells are there anymore

Question 18

Caseous necrosis

Answer 18

associated with TB

“cheesy”

Question 19

Fat necrosis

Answer 19

Inflammation of pancreas

–> release of lipase –> break down of fatty acids

–> Fatty acids + Ca2+ form Calcium salts

Question 20

Apoptosis

Answer 20

programmed cell death, requires energy

may be physiological

Question 21

Necroptosis

Answer 21

combination of necrosis and apoptosis

energy dependant and associated with inflammation

e.g. viral infections

Question 22

Cases which must be refered to coroner

Answer 22

unknown cause of death

not seen by doctor after of 14 days before death

violent, superspicious unknown cause of death

accident (whenever)

neglect by self or others

industiral /work related

abortion

during operation / before recovery from anesthetic

suicide

during or after police/ prison

poisoning

Question 23

Coroner Autopsy

Answer 23

No consent required

just tissue which is associated with death, to find cause of death

Question 24

Hospital autopsy

Answer 24

consent required

any tissue

to fill out death certificate

Question 25

Causes of sudden, unexpected death

Answer 25

Coronary disease (–> arrythmia –> MI)

Vasculat disease ( aortic aneurism)

CNS (stroke, epilepsie)

Respiratory (Astmah)

Gastro intestinal

Trauma

Drug

Question 26

Types of injury

Answer 26

Bruise

Abrasion

Laceration

Cut/Stab

Question 27

Abraision

Answer 27

superficial, “scratch”

tearing of epidermis (schürfung)

Question 28

Laceration

Answer 28

split, wound force trauma

“Platzwunde”