Cell Signalling

Question 1

LM

Answer 1

Light Microscopy

Question 2

TEM

Answer 2

Transmission Electron Micrograph

Question 3

SEM

Answer 3

Scanning Electron Micrograph

Question 4

PCR

Answer 4

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 5

Petri

Answer 5

Example of culture disk. Used for in vitro experiments. Named after bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri.

Question 6

Ligand

Answer 6

A molecule or atom / a signalling molecule.

Question 7

Ex Vivo

Answer 7

isolated tissues (ex = part) (vivo = organism)

Question 8

In Vivo

Answer 8

organisms (in = whole) (vivo = organism)

Question 9

Control

Answer 9

ensure validity of experiment

Question 10

In Vitro

Answer 10

isolated cells (in = whole) (vitro = cells). Are cell lines an example?

Question 11

GCaMP5G

Answer 11

Fluorescent calcium indicator that can be genetically inserted into the brain of a Zebra fish to provide a readout of the calcium level in a zebra fish brain. Genetically inserted under the control of a promoter that is expressed in neurons.

Question 12

Positive Control

Answer 12

Something you are confident will result in the effects

Question 13

Negative Control

Answer 13

Something you are confident won’t result in the effects

Question 14

Autocrine

Answer 14

A type of signalling where the cell both produces and receives the molecule.

Question 15

Variables

Answer 15

determine what is measured and what is manipulated

Question 16

Dependent Variable

Answer 16

what you measure

Question 17

Organ Bath

Answer 17

A traditional experiment that is commonly used to investigate the physiology and pharmocology of ex vivo tissue preparations. A technique used for Ex vivo experiments. (find my iPhone). (Scrub a dub dub).

Question 18

Cell Lines

Answer 18

a cell culture developed from a single cell adn therefore consisting of cells with uniform genetic makeup

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

driver of the choice in an experiment

Question 20

Functional

Answer 20

The technique itself measures the behaviour of a system

Question 21

Microscopy

Answer 21

the technical field of using mciroscopes to view samples and objects that can not be seen w the naked eye

Question 22

Engineered

Answer 22

Specifically genetically designed to allow for more control during study

Question 23

Culture Disks

Answer 23

A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown

Question 24

Radioisotopes

Answer 24

used as tracers using their radioactivity for detection

Question 25

Culture Flasks

Answer 25

A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown

Question 26

Light Microscopy (LM)

Answer 26

uses visible light to detect and magnify very small objects

Question 27

Multiwell plates

Answer 27

A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown

Question 28

dependent variable

Answer 28

what you measure

Question 29

Electrophysiology

Answer 29

The field of research studying current or voltage charges across a cell membrane

Question 30

Independent Variable

Answer 30

what you change

Question 31

Imaging technologies

Answer 31

The application of materials to create images

Question 32

Molecular technologies

Answer 32

lab techniques to study or modify DNA, RNA, or proteins

Question 33

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 33

used to detect genetic material from a specific organism, such as a virus

Question 34

Subcellular fractionation

Answer 34

cell organelles are disintegrated into their integral parts (organelles) and then separated using centrifugation

Question 35

Scanning Electron Micrograph

Answer 35

Projects and scans a focused stream of electrons over a surface to create an image

Question 36

Transmission Electron Micrograph

Answer 36

used to view thin specimens, through which electrons can pass generating a projection image

Question 37

Ligand

Answer 37

A signalling molecule

Question 38

Lupus

Answer 38

A chronic autoimmune disease

Question 39

Autoimmune

Answer 39

The immune system (usually the system that fights infections) attacks healthy tissues instead.

Question 40

Glaucoma

Answer 40

A group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.

Question 41

GERD

Answer 41

gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Question 42

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Answer 42

stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus.

Question 43

Hypertension

Answer 43

High Blood Pressure

Question 44

This reading would be high blood pressure.

Answer 44

130 / 80

Question 45

This reading would be normal blood pressure

Answer 45

120 / 80

Question 46

Cholera

Answer 46

an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

Question 47

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 47

A chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation, degradation, and deformity.

Question 48

Crohn's / Colitis

Answer 48

Chronic disease. A type of IBD that causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 49

IBD

Answer 49

Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 50

Histamine

Answer 50

A compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Question 51

Three Types of IBD

Answer 51

All chronic. Crohn’s disease / Colitis. Microscopic colitis. Ulcerative colitis.

Question 52

Crohn’s disease

Answer 52

Causes pain and swelling in the digestive tract.

Question 53

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 53

Causes swelling and sores (ulcers) in the large intestine (colon and rectum).

Question 54

Microscopic Colitis

Answer 54

Causes intestinal inflammation that’s only detectable with a microscope.