Proteins Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
ER
A
Endoplasmic Reticulum
2
Q
CF
A
Cystic Fibrosis
3
Q
THE
A
Theodore H E Svedberg
4
Q
RF1
A
Release Factor 1
5
Q
RF2
A
Release Factor 2
6
Q
UPR
A
Unfolded Protein Response
7
Q
CJD
A
Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease
8
Q
BSE
A
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
9
Q
PrP
A
Prion protein
10
Q
Opal
A
The name for the UGA stop codon
11
Q
Free
A
Referring to free ribosomes
12
Q
EGCg
A
epigallocatechin-gallate
13
Q
KDEL
A
KDEL C terminus signal
14
Q
beta
A
B- pleated sheet
15
Q
mer
A
more than 20 polypeptides interacting w one another
16
Q
CASP
A
Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction
17
Q
SUMO
A
Small ubiquitin-like modifier. Very small proteins.
18
Q
Lyse
A
to disrupt a protein sample
19
Q
GFAP
A
glial fibrillary acidic protein
20
Q
NCBI
A
national centre for biotechnology information
21
Q
Amber
A
name for the stop codon UAG
22
Q
Mummy
A
think of tetracycline. Mummification allows bones to be conserved. People from this time drank a lot of beer, which contained tetracycline, and therefore there was staining in their bones.
23
Q
alpha
A
A-helix
24
Q
dimer
A
two identical polypeptides interacting w one another
25
Edman
Pehr Edman (edman degredation)
26
Nylon
the common material for the membrane that sandwiches the gel in immunoblotting
27
Histo
Latin word for tissue
28
ELISA
enzyme linked immunosorbent array
29
BLAST
basic local alignment search tool
30
Prion
Protein infection
31
A helix
a common type of secondary folding. Looks like a coil
32
Sanger
Frederick Sanger
33
Ladder
a standard mix of proteins of known size / mass that allows unknown protein size to be determined
34
Immuno
Medicine
35
Kinesin
The running protein' Moves vesicles to the cell membrane. A motor protein
36
Peptide
linkage between carboxyl group of one AA and amine group of another AA
37
Natural
Another word for Proteinogenic AA
38
Unusual
Referring to AA. Expansion of the genetic code (selenocysteine + pyrrolysine)
39
complex
interactions between multiple polypeptides in quaternary structure
40
Anfisen
Christian Anfisen. Theorised that AA sequence should fully determine tertiary structure
41
Cistern
A fold in the Golgi
42
Sulston
John Sulston. Won Nobel prize in 2002 for research on apoptosis
43
Primary antibodies
Bind directly to the antigen (protein) in the sample.
44
Scrapie
PrP disease in sheep
45
Hormones
chemical molecules that act like messaging molecules in the body, usually through the blood
46
Catechin
helps protect cells from damage from free radicals
47
Topology
the structure of protein.
48
N end rule
the identity of the N terminal amino acid determines the longevity of the polypeptide
49
cleavage
post-translational modification of proteins (insulin is cleaved twice)
50
Southern
Edwin Southern. the person the Southern blot was named after
51
Reporter Antibodies
antibodies that attach to primary antibodies (usually) that have some sort of fluorescent property or become involved in chemical reactions that make the location of the protein visible.
52
Cytokines
Small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells
53
Amino Acid
central carbon w a carboxyl group + amine group + variable R group
54
Analogous
comparable in certain aspects
55
Truncated
Shortened in duration or extent
56
Apoptosis
The process of the cell killing itself. The process of programmed cell death
57
C terminus
carboxyl end of the peptide
58
N terminus
amine end of peptide
59
Lysosomes
vesicles used in digesting waste products and then excreting out of the cell
60
Aggregate
a whole formed by combining several. Often used to describe proteins
61
Centrifuge
A device used for centrifugation
62
Aureomycin
A type of tetracycline that can be developed from streptomyces aureofaciens
63
Alpha helix
A-helix
64
Lipophilic
non-polar, likes fats
65
Lipophobic
polar, doesnt like fats
66
Trans Golgi
where proteins are segregated into different transport packages and dispatched to their final destinations
67
Antibodies
proteins that stick specifically to other proteins
68
Infectious
likely to spread or influence others in a rapid matter
69
Dehydration
formation of a bond w the product of water
70
Polypeptide
peptide chains of 3 or more AA
71
pyrrolysine
unusual AA in humans, part of the methane producing metabolic system
72
Surface area
A measure of the total area the surface of an object occupies
73
Lipid anchor
attaches to a C-terminus and allows a protein to be inserted into a membrane
74
Hydrophobic
non-polar dont like water
75
Hydrophilic
polar, likes water
76
heterodimer
two different polypeptides interacting w one another
77
SUMOylation
addition of SUMO Proteins
78
methylation
the addition of a methyl group on the head of all new polypeptides
79
Proteolysis
the breakdown of proteins or polypeptides into AA by enzymes
80
Tunicamycin
a cancer drug that is derived from streptomyes. Reduces N-linked glycolysation, preventing some proteins from being transported to the Golgi for further processing
81
Peptide Bonds
linkage between carboxyl group of one AA and amine group of another AA
82
Condensation
formation of a bond w the product of water
83
Svedberg unit
a unit of measure for centriguation. (in seconds) (1 S = 10^-13 seconds)
84
Tetracycline
A class of related antibiotic compounds. An antibiotic
85
Mitochondria
contain 30S ribosomal subunits. Powerhouse of the cell.
86
Glycoprotein
a protein with a sugar molecule added to the N-terminus covalently
87
Camillo Golgi
Nobel prize in 1906 for work on structure of nervous system. First observed Golgi using light microscopy in 1897
88
northern blot
used for detection of RNA. Take advantage of base complementation (think Revelstoke, northern)
89
Proteinogenic
22 AA that are naturally incorporated into proteins. Protein-creating
90
Free ribosomes
describes a location of ribosome. Produce proteins to be used in the cytosol
91
Membrane bound
Refers to membrane-bound ribosomes
92
Nubian Kingdom
existed from about 250-550 AD and believed in mummification and drinking beer. Located in present day Sudan
93
Mummification
think of tetracycline
94
B pleated sheet
a common type of secondary folding. Looks like a taco holder.
95
Glycolysation
adding a glucose molecule to a protein post-translationally
96
Acetylcholine
neurotransmitter (neuronal signalling)
97
Southern Blots
used for detection of DNA. Take advantage of base complementation (think sunny D, Southern)
98
Proteopathies
common protein conformation diseases
99
Selenocysteine
an unusual AA produced in the prescense of selenium
100
Centrifugation
a technique used for the separation of particles according to their size, shape, density, and viscosity of the medium. Used to isolate ribosomes
101
Benjamin Duggar
discovered tetracyclines in the late 1940s from soil near cemeteries.
102
Bone Apposition
A method of measuring bone growth utilising the fluorescent properties of tetracycline
103
Release Factor 1
Needed for termination in translation. Binding of this to mRNA can be prevented w tetracycline.
104
Release Factor 2
Needed for termination in translation. Binding of this to mRNA can be prevented w tetracycline.
105
Efflux proteins
move tetracycline out of the cell to keep translation going
106
Cycloheximides
a class of antibiotics that affect protein synthesis in eukaryotes
107
Chromatography
a technique used for separating the solutes of a solution. Used to separate + identify AA in Edman degredation.
108
Immunoblotting
Method of protein identification / separation that makes protein expression very clear
109
Cystic Fibrosis
a plasma membrane protein that is important in the chloride transport is misfolded slightly and unable to leave the E.R. Would be perfectly functional if it could leave the ER.
110
Lefthanded helix
shape of polysome
111
Protein-folding
enzyme facilitated method of post-translational modification that occurs in the ER. Develops secondary + tertiary structure.
112
Cis Golgi network
The space between the ER and the cis cisterns of the Golgi
113
Sequence Methods
determine AA sequence of proteins
114
Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis
115
Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis
116
Complementation
base pair characteristic bonding
117
Frederick Sanger
used a technique similar to edman degredation to sequence insulin (won nobel prize in 1958 + 1980) won 2 nobel prizes
118
Nonproteinogenic
AA that do not code for proteins
119
Protein synthesis
Hours to days
120
C terminus signals
signals found in the C-terminus that are useful for later protein sorting
121
beta pleated sheet
B- pleated sheet
122
Edman degredation
A method of protein sequencing that involves cleaving each AA individually
123
Mass spectrometry
method of sequencing proteins using mass to charge ratio. Computationally intensive
124
2D electrophoresis
separation of proteins based on their inherent charge
125
Peroxidase luminol
an example of a light producing reaction
126
Primary anitbodies
bind to specific proteins in a sample
127
Stanley B. Prusiner
coined the term prion in 1982. Nobel prize in 1997.
128
Prokarotic Subunits
50S + 30S = 70S
129
Eukaryotic Subunits
60S + 40S = 80S
130
Theodore H E Svedverg
Nobel prize in chemistry in 1926. pioneered ultracentrifugation. Swedish chemist.
131
Gel Electrophoresis
a lab technique involving gel, separating molecules based on size and charge.
132
KDEL C terminus signal
the most common ER retention signal which keeps the protein in the ER and prevents it from entering a secretory pathway
133
Transmembrane domain
gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane
134
Base complementation
the hybridization or binding that occurs between complementary base pairs
135
Endoplasmic Reticulum
large structure involved in protein synthesis
136
N linked glycolysation
glycolysation specific to addition to the N-terminus of polypeptide
137
Phenylisothiocyanate
a reagent that binds to AA of amino terminal, allowing only that AA to be cut off during digestion.
138
Immunohistochemistry
method of protein identification / separation that makes presence + location clear within the sequence
139
Membrane bound ribosomes
describes a location of ribosome (on rough ER). Produce proteins to be released to the cell membrane
140
Acetylcholine receptors
a protein given as an example to show that many proteins don't get as far as the cell membrane (90% of ACh receptors are degraded b4 insertion into cell membrane)
141
Thermodynamic hypothesis
shape is thermodynamically the most stable in the intracellular environment
142
Unfolded Protein Response
a response that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum to deal with misfolded proteins
143
Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease
PrP disease in humans
144
Sedimentation coefficient
characterises a particles sedimentation during centrifugation. Used to name ribosomes + subunits
145
Streptomyces aureofaciens
a fungal-like bacteria found in dirt from graveyards. Can be developed into aureomycin
146
Epigallocatechin-gallate
the major catechin found in green tea. Found to inhibit several bacterial efflux pumps
147
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
a protein found only in the CNS. Used for quality control in meat, if GFAP is present - meat has been contaminated by CNS
148
basic local alignment search tool
online database that allows searches for polypeptide / protein sequence. Computational analysis
149
Post translational modifications
enzyme catalyzed changes after the polypeptide is produced
150
Enzyme linked immunosorbent array
opposite of western blot. A technique used to identify the presence of a protein in a sample. Antibody is attached to a substrate in a dish already, sample is added on top
151
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
BSE. PrP misfolding in cows
152
Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction
CASP. worldwide experiment held every 2 years since 1994. AI has almost solved it.
153
National centre for Biotechnology Information
same organisation as PubMed. Create and operate BLAST
