Histamine Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
DC
A
decarboxylase
2
Q
KA
A
The mesaure of affinity of the receptor for the signal ligand
3
Q
KD
A
Equlibrium dissociation constant
4
Q
HDC
A
histidine decarboxylase
5
Q
ECL
A
Enterochromaffin like cells
6
Q
PMF
A
proton motor force
7
Q
kON
A
the rate of complex formation
8
Q
IP3
A
inositol tri-phosphate. a secondary messenger transcribed by H1 receptor
9
Q
DAG
A
diacylglycerol. a glyceride used to replace fats in the diet. Also a secondary messenger transcribed by the H1 receptor
10
Q
DOA
A
diamine oxidase
11
Q
Dale
A
Sir Henry Hallett Dale
12
Q
kOFF
A
the rate of complex dissociation
13
Q
EC50
A
50% efficacy. Found when potency is at kD
14
Q
cAMP
A
cystic anedosine monophosphate
15
Q
NNMT
A
histamine N-methyltransferase
16
Q
Eliot
A
George Eliot
17
Q
VMAT2
A
an anti-port that exchagnes proton for histamine
18
Q
Mucus
A
a slimy substance that is not soluble in water that protects and lubricates internal structures
19
Q
Edema
A
fluid accumulation (occurs when stung by a bee), occurs as a result of histamine affecting vasculature
20
Q
rtPCR
A
technique to detect the precense of specific genetic material
21
Q
Venom
A
poisonous substance secreted by animals
22
Q
ATPase
A
enzyme found in granule membrane that transports protons into the cell to create a proton motor force
23
Q
Cation
A
positively charged ion
24
Q
Fusion
A
Final/Third step of degranulation. Membranes fuse
25
Funder
John W. Funder
26
Pepsin
an enzyme that breaks down proteins in digestion
27
Pepsin
an enzyme that breaks down proteins in digestion
28
Ussing
Hans Ussing
29
Ulcers
an open sore on the internal or external surface of the body
30
Agonism
occupation of a single receptor by an agonist leads to a response
31
Agonist
A molecule that induces agonism
32
Heparin
another molecule found in the granules of mast cells. A naturally occuring glycosaminoglycan
33
Docking
Second step of degranulation. VAMPS and SNAPS connect
34
Potency
what happens on the x-axis
35
AJ Clark
created the occupancy model, was at Edinburgh
36
Orphans
receptor molecules that have not yet been linked to their endogenous ligand
37
Serosal
the side/surface of the epithelium that faces the blood
38
Luminal
the side/surface of the epithelium that does not face the blood
39
Calcium
Calcium ion
40
Prusiner
Stanley B. Prusiner
41
Basophil
a type of white blood cell. The least common type of granulocyte, representing only about 0.5-1% of circulating white blood cells.
42
Antiport
exchange a proton for a hydrophillic cation
43
Antigens
any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it
44
Efficacy
what happens on the y-axis. ability to produce a response
44
saturate
ligand bound to receptor
44
Affinity
ability to bind to a receptor
45
Parietal
Acid secreting cells in the gastric mucosa
46
Duodenum
first part of the small intestine
47
Antiport
Exchanges histidine for biogenic amine (histamine)
48
Histidine
the non-toxic form of histamine. Is an amino acid. Has an amine and a carboxyl group attached to a same central carbon
49
Mast cells
ubiquitous (coming in many different forms and present in a number of tissues) cells. Have granules that contain histamine + other things.
50
Mediators
other things held within the granule; ATP, heparin, prostaglandins.
51
Serotonin
a chemical signalling molecule. Known to cause satisfaction, happiness, and optimism. (CNS functions). also has other functions
52
Exogenous
originating from outside the organism / cell
53
Edinburgh
capital of Scotland
54
Doability
Charis word for efficacy
55
Antagonism
occupation of a single receptor by an antagonist interferes with the response of the agonist
56
Antagonist
A moleucle that induces antagonism
57
Ubiquitous
coming in many different forms and present in a number of tissues
58
Antibodies
proteins generated by our imune system in response to infectious agents. Specifically fit to antigens
59
Endogenous
from within the organism / cell
60
Stochastic
random. used to describe receptor ligand binding.
61
Neutrophil
the most abundant type of white blood cell, making up 40-70% of the bodies count. Has to do w inflammation
62
Epithelial
the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a bodies surface and lining hollow structures
63
Pepsinogen
a substance that is converted into the enzyme 'pepsin' by the stomach acid
64
Copenhagen
capital of Denmark. A hub for research in Transport physiology after the war
65
Hans Ussing
Danish scientist best known for his design of the Ussing chamber
66
Calcium ion
leads vesicles to the membrane and out of the cells (vesicles follow calcium) has 2 + charge.
67
Flatulence
the accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal
68
George Eliot
created the George Lewes Studentship in memory of her partner, Lewes, that Sir Henry Hallett Dale received
69
Vasculature
vascular system of the body
70
Equilibrium
the rate of formation of new signal-receptor complexes equals the rate at which existing signal receptor complexes dissociate
71
Competitive
Competitive antagonism
72
Eosinophils
a type of white blood cell containing granules
73
Anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction (potentially life threatening)
74
Luekotrienes
cause tightening of airway muscles and the production of excess fluid and mucus
75
Vasodilation
the dilation of veins, occurs as a result of histamine affecting venous cells
76
Stickability
Charis word for affinity
77
Pharmacology
the branch of medicine concerned w the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs
78
Surmountable
Competitive antagonism
79
Irreversible
Irreversible antagonism
80
Imidazole Ring
contains two nitrogens
81
Gastric Mucosa
the mucous layer in the stomach
82
Translocation
the first step of degranulation
83
Biogenic amine
an example is histamine
84
Prostaglandins
gound in the granules of mast cells. Involved in dealing with injury and illness
85
Insurmountable
Irreversible antagonism
86
Diacylglycerol
a glyceride used to replace fats in the diet. ALso a secondary messenger transcribed by the H1 receptor
87
diamine oxidase
enzymatic degredation of histamine in intestines, kidney, placenta (extracellular tissues)
88
Alimentary canal
the canal of the digestive system
89
glycosaminoglycan
widespread function including growth and repair of cells
90
Dose response curve
the graphic relationship between efficacy and potency
91
Pathophysiological
the study of disordered physiological processes that have cause, result from, or are otherwise related with a disease or injury
92
Sir Henry Hallett Dale
discovered the biological effects of histamine. Won nobel prize in 1936 for medicine + physiology. Received a studentship from the victorian novelist George Eliot
93
inositol triphosphate
a secondary messenger transcribed by H1 receptor
94
Histamine intolerance
intolerance of histamine digested with food
95
Competitive antagonism
shift in potency, antagonists compete for binding sites
96
Histidine Decarboxylase
removes the carboxyl group from histidine (decarboxylase). This produces an amine (histamine) and CO2.
97
Irreversible Antagonism
shift in efficacy, antagonists permanently bind to receptors (shift in maximum)
98
G protein coupled receptor
ligand binding to a G protein-coupled receptor opens an ion channel or alters enzyme activity
99
Enterochromaffin-like cells
communicate in a paracrine fashion. Play a major role in stimulating gastric secretion. Found in gastric mucosa
100
Ligand gated receptor channel
Ligand binding opens or closes the channel
101
cystic adenosine monophosphate
a nucleotide
102
histamine N-methyltransferase
degredation of histamine intracellularly
103
Equilibrium dissociation constant
the concentration of ligand that, at equilibrium, is needed to saturate half of the receptors.
104
VAMP
A protein involved in degranulation.
105
SNAP
A protein involved in degranulation.
