Cell Structure

Question 1

Plant cell walls contain channels for exchanging substances. What are these channels called?

Answer 1

Plasmodesmata

Question 2

What are plant cell walls made from?

Answer 2

Cellulose

Question 3

Name three organelles plant cells have but animal cells do not have

Answer 3

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 4

Algal and fungal cells are very similar to plant cells, but fungal cells have two key differences to plant cells. What are they?

Answer 4

Fungal cell walls made of chitin not cellulose

They don’t have chloroplasts

Question 5

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 5

Controls cells activities (by controlling transcription of DNA)
DNA contains instructions to make proteins
The nucleolus makes ribosomes

Question 6

Describe the function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

Process and package lipids and proteins

Make lysosomes

Question 7

Describe the function of Golgi vehicle

Answer 7

Store and transport lipids and proteins

Question 8

Describe the function of lysosomes

Answer 8

Digest invading cells

Break down worn out components of cells

Question 9

What do lysosomes contain that enables them to break down and digest cells?

Answer 9

Digestive enzymes (lysozymes)

Question 10

Describe the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Folds and processes proteins which were made at the ribosomes

Question 11

Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

Synthesise process lipids

Question 12

Describe the function of cell wall

Answer 12

Supports the cell

Prevents cell changing shape

Question 13

Describe the function of the cell vacuole?

Answer 13

Helps maintain pressure and keep cell rigid
Stops wilting
Isolates unwanted chemicals

Question 14

Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 14

Cell wall made from murein
Plasmid (loops of DNA)
No membrane bound oranelles
Smaller ribosomes
Plasma membranes 
Slime capsule
Flagellum

Question 15

Describe the DNA in prokaryotes

Answer 15

Plasmids - small loops of DNA
Free floating circular DNA
Coiled with no histone proteins

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells replicate by binary fission. Describe this process

Answer 16

Main DNA loop replicates once
Plasmids replicate multiple times
Cell gets bigger
DNA moves to opposite poles of cell
Cytoplasm divides and new cell wall forms

Question 17

Are the daughter cells of binary fission identical?

Answer 17

Not necessarily - both contain one copy of circular DNA but a variable number of plasmids

Question 18

Viruses are acellular. What does this mean?

Answer 18

They aren’t alive

They aren’t cells

Question 19

What are viruses?

Answer 19

Nucleic acids surrounded by protein

Question 20

Describe the structure of a virus

Answer 20

No plasma membrane
No cytoplasm
No ribosomes 
Core genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Capsid (protein coat)
Attachment proteins

Question 21

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 21

Use their attachment proteins to bind to complementary receptors on host cells
Inject their genetic material into host
Hijack cell machinery and replicates the viral particles

Question 22

How do slime capsules benefit prokaryotes?

Answer 22

Protect them from being attacked by cells of the immune system