Digestion And Absorption

Question 1

Why do large molecules need breaking down?

Answer 1

Too large to diffuse into cell

Cannot be absorbed into blood

Question 2

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

What are fats broken down into?

Answer 3

Fatty acids

Monoglycerides

Question 4

What are carbohydrates broken into?

Answer 4

Monosaccharides

Question 5

Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Amylase

Question 6

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 6

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 7

What does amylase hydrolyse?

Answer 7

Starch into maltose

Question 8

What are membrane bound disaccharidases?

Answer 8

Enzymes attached to epithelium cell membrane of small intestine
Break down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 9

How do monosaccharides pass through ileum membrane?

Answer 9

Active transport

Transporter proteins

Question 10

How is fructose absorbed?

Answer 10

Facilitated diffusion

Question 11

What are lipids broken down by?

Answer 11

Lipases and bile salts

Question 12

What are lipids hydrolysed into?

Answer 12

Fatty acids and monoglycerides

Question 13

Which bond is hydrolysed when breaking down lipids?

Answer 13

Ester bond

Question 14

Where are bile salts made?

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

What do bile salts do?

Answer 15

Emulsify lipids to increase surface area for lipases

Question 16

Once lipids are broken down, micelles are formed. What do micelles do?

Answer 16

Move monoglycerides and fatty acids to epithelium

Question 17

How do fatty acids and monoglycerides pass through membrane?

Answer 17

Diffuse through bilayer

Question 18

Which bond is broken in the hydrolysis of proteins?

Answer 18

Peptide bond

Question 19

How are amino acids absorbed?

Answer 19

Active transport with sodium ions

Question 20

What are endopeptidases?

Answer 20

Enzymes which break down bonds within a protein

Question 21

What are exopeptidases?

Answer 21

Enzymes which break down bonds at the end of a protein and remove a single amino acid

Question 22

Where are endopeptidases synthesised and secreted?

Answer 22

Made in pancreas

Secrets in small intestine

Question 23

Give an example of an endopeptidase

Answer 23

Pepsin

Question 24

What do exopeptidases work specifically on?

Answer 24

Hydrolysing peptide bonds in disaccharides

Question 25

Where are exopeptidases located?

Answer 25

Epithelial cell membranes in small intestine

Question 26

What breaks down lipids?

Answer 26

Lipases and bile salts