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Cell Unit Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 components of the Cell Theory?

A
  • All living things are made of cells
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of living things
  • Cells come from other cells
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2
Q

What makes eukaryotes different from prokaryotes?

A

They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are larger and more complex

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3
Q

What do eukaryotes have in common with prokaryotes? Name at least 3 similarities.

A
  • Have ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • DNA
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4
Q

Where is the DNA found in a cell?

A
  • In the nucleoid (prokaryotic cells)
  • In the nucleus (eukaryotic cells)
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5
Q

What are two types of cells which are prokaryotic?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
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6
Q

What are four types of cells which are eukaryotic?

A
  • Plant
  • Animal
  • Fungi
  • Protist
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7
Q

What is the definition of ‘organelle’?

A

Specialized structures within a cell that have specific functions

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8
Q

What are the three types of organelles used for motion?

A
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
  • Pseudopodia
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9
Q

What two organelles are found in a plant cell, but not an animal cell?

A
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell wall
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10
Q

What organelles are only found in animal cells?

A
  • Lysosomes
  • Centrosomes
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11
Q

What organelle puts together amino acids to make proteins?

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

What is the function of the golgi complex?

A

To help modify, sort, package, and process proteins

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13
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

To convert glucose into ATP

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14
Q

What is the difference between the rough and smooth E.R.?

A
  • Rough E.R. - covered in ribosomes, helps protein fold correctly
  • Smooth E.R. - doesn’t have ribosomes, makes lipids, breaks down drugs and alcohol, gives the cell flexibility
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15
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Helps recycle and break down old cell parts, defends cell from invading bacteria and viruses

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16
Q

What is the difference between a vacuole and a vesicle?

A
  • Vacuoles are for storage of material
  • Vesicles are for transport
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17
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Converts energy from sunlight into glucose

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18
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Contains the DNA of the organism

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19
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes

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20
Q

What is the function of the centrioles?

A

Used in cell division

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21
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Provides strength and protection, maintains pressure

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22
Q

What are the FOUR types of cells which have cell walls?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Plant
  • Fungi
  • Algae
  • Bacteria
23
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Study These Flashcards
A

Helps regulate what can enter/exit the cell

24
Q

What is the membrane made up of?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Cholesterol
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
25
What is the term used to describe a membrane that allows only certain materials to pass through?
Semi-permeable
26
How many layers are found in a phospholipid?
2
27
Which part of the cell membrane is hydrophilic? Hydrophobic?
* Head is hydrophilic * Tail is hydrophobic
28
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Keeps cell membrane flexible and prevents the fatty acid tails from sticking together
29
What are proteins used for in the cell membrane?
To move molecules, includes channels and pumps
30
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration
31
What types of molecules can move via diffusion?
Ones that are small, have no charge, and are nonpolar
32
What is the diffusion of water? How does it work?
Osmosis - moves from a low solute concentration to a higher one
33
What is facilitated diffusion? Why would it be used over diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is used for molecules that have a charge and are polar
34
What is endocytosis?
Substances enter the cell through vesicles
35
What is exocytosis?
Substances exit the cell through vesicles
36
What are protein pumps and how do they work?
Uses a protein to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration - requires ATP - active transport
37
How does active transport differ from passive transport?
It requires energy
38
What are the three types of active transport?
* Protein pumps * Endocytosis * Exocytosis
39
What are the three types of passive transport?
* Diffusion * Osmosis * Facilitated diffusion
40
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Swells due to low concentration of dissolved particles
41
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Shrinks due to high concentration of dissolved particles
42
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
Nothing; equal concentration
43
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Converts glucose into ATP through cellular respiration
44
What is the cell membrane also known as?
Plasma membrane
45
What is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm called?
Cytosol
46
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA, which holds genetic information
47
What surrounds the nucleus?
Nuclear membrane with pores
48
What do ribosomes do?
Assemble proteins based on instructions from genes (DNA)
49
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, packages, and processes proteins
50
What does a vacuole store?
* Water * Nutrients * Waste
51
What is the function of a vesicle?
Used for transport of materials within the cell
52
What do lysosomes contain?
Enzymes that help break down old cell parts
53
What do centrosomes produce?
Microtubules

Biology (7 decks)

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