Chemistry

Question 1

What are the six essential elements for life?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen

Question 2

Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule?

Answer 2

polar molecule

Question 3

What are the two required elements for a molecule to be considered organic?

Answer 3

Carbon + Hydrogen

Question 4

Which element makes up the ‘backbone’ of organic molecules?

Answer 4

Carbon

Question 5

What are the 4 groups of macromolecules?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

Question 6

What process puts monomers together?

Answer 6

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 7

What process breaks polymers apart?

Answer 7

Hydrolysis

Question 8

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Energy source & cell structure

Question 10

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 11

What is a monosaccharide? Name 3 examples.

Answer 11

Simple Sugars - Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

Question 12

What is the most common monosaccharide?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

What is the source of glucose?

Answer 13

plants

Question 14

What is a disaccharide? Name 3 examples.

Answer 14

Connecting 2 monosaccharides together - Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 15

What is a polysaccharide? Name 4 examples.

Answer 15

Connecting many monosaccharides - Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose-cell walls, Chitin-exoskeletons

Question 16

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 16

Amino Acids

Question 17

How many amino acid monomers exist?

Answer 17

20

Question 18

What makes amino acids different from one another?

Answer 18

Each one has a unique ‘R’ Group

Question 19

What elements are found in proteins?

Answer 19

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur

Question 20

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 20

Structural-hair+skin, Hormones, Enzymes, Storage, Regulation, Motor

Question 21

What are some examples of proteins?

Answer 21

Hemoglobin, Insulin, Collagen, Enzymes

Question 22

What is it called when a protein has lost its 3D shape?

Answer 22

Denaturation

Question 23

What are some factors which might cause denaturation?

Answer 23

Caused by heat, pH changes, or chemicals

Question 24

What is the name for the covalent bond between amino acids?

Answer 24

Peptide bond

Question 25

Why is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide important?

Answer 25

Determines the shape of the polypeptide, which affects its function

Question 26

How do proteins relate to the idea that form determines function?

Answer 26

Structure determines function - the sequence determines how it works ex. red blood cells

Question 27

Where does your body get amino acids from?

Answer 27

Food

Question 28

What are the 4 subgroups of lipids?

Answer 28

Fats, Waxes, Cell Membranes, Steroids

Question 29

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 29

Fatty Acid

Question 30

What elements are found in lipids?

Answer 30

Carbon, Hydrogen, Small amount of Oxygen

Question 31

What are some functions of fats?

Answer 31

Long-term energy storage, insulation, protection

Question 32

What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 32

Saturated: Single bond carbon chain, with straight tail; Unsaturated: Double bond carbon chain with kinked tail

Question 33

What is the name of the lipid that makes up the cell membrane?

Answer 33

Phospholipids

Question 34

Why do waxes make good material for 'water-proofing'?

Answer 34

It’s non-polar (hydrophobic)

Question 35

Why is cholesterol essential to our bodies?

Answer 35

Helps build some hormones & keeps cell membrane flexible

Question 36

What can a diet rich in saturated fats and the 'bad' cholesterol be so dangerous?

Answer 36

It raises LDL and lowers HDL - increases risk of Cardiovascular