Genetics Test

Question 1

What is Mendelian genetics?

Answer 1

Characteristics of traits that are controlled by two alleles, one dominant and one recessive.

Question 2

Define gene.

Answer 2

A segment of DNA that codes for specific proteins and traits.

Question 3

What is an allele?

Answer 3

Different versions of a gene (A or a).

Question 4

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 4

Two of the same alleles (AA or aa).

Question 5

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 5

Two different alleles (Aa).

Question 6

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 6

The allele that shows up.

Question 7

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 7

The allele that is only expressed if 2 copies are present.

Question 8

What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Answer 8

When producing gametes, the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis ensuring genetic diversity

Question 9

What is Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 9

Genes on separate chromosomes sort independently during meiosis showing how different traits are inherited independetly

Question 10

What is a dihybrid cross?

Answer 10

Shows the result of crossing 2 individuals with 2 traits.

Question 11

What is complex inheritance?

Answer 11

Genetic traits that don’t follow Mendelian genetics.

Question 12

Define incomplete dominance.

Answer 12

When a mixture of the phenotype is expressed in a heterozygous organism.(RW=pink)

Question 13

Define codominance.

Answer 13

Both phenotypes are expressed in a heterozygous organism.
(RW=red+white spots/patches)

Question 14

What are sex-linked traits?

Answer 14

Characteristics determined by genes on the X chromosome.

Question 15

What does autosomal mean?

Answer 15

Any chromosome that isn’t a sex chromosome.

Question 16

What are multiple alleles?

Answer 16

More than 2 alleles may exist for a trait in a population.
(Blood types)

Question 17

What are polygenic traits?

Answer 17

More than one gene controls a single trait.

Question 18

What is a pedigree?

Answer 18

A genetic family tree.

Question 19

What part of a Punnett square shows the possible results of meiosis?

Answer 19

Top and left sides.

Question 20

What part of a Punnett square shows the possible results of fertilization?

Answer 20

The inside boxes.

Question 21

True or False: Punnett squares can give you actual outcomes.

Answer 21

False.

Question 22

Traits that follow complex patterns of inheritance are influenced by _______

Answer 22

genetic and environmental factors.

Question 23

What are the sex chromosomes in a biological female?

Answer 23

XX.

Question 24

What are the sex chromosomes in a biological male?

Answer 24

XY.

Question 25

In a sex-linked trait, who is more likely to be affected?

Answer 25

Males.

Question 26

What does it mean to be a carrier of a genetic disease?

Answer 26

They have one copy of a gene for the disease but don’t have symptoms.

Question 27

Who is usually a carrier of a sex-linked trait?

Answer 27

Females.

Question 28

On an autosomal dominant pedigree, what genotypes would the shaded individuals have?

Answer 28

AA or Aa.

Question 29

On an autosomal recessive pedigree, what genotype would the shaded individuals have?

Answer 29

aa.

Question 30

On a sex-linked recessive pedigree, what genotypes would the shaded individuals have?

Answer 30

XʳY (males) or XʳXʳ (females).

Question 31

In humans what chromosome pairs are autosomal

Answer 31

Pairs 1-22

Question 32

Mendelian, Codominant, or Incomplete? A dragon can have horns or no horns

Answer 32

Mendelian

Question 33

Mendelian, Codominant, or Incomplete? Snapdragon Flowers can be white, pink, or red

Answer 33

Codominant

Question 34

Mendelian, Codominant, or Incomplete? A Bleexo can be black and white spotted, black, or white

Answer 34

Incomplete