Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology GCSE > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acrosome

A

part of the sperm cell that contains digestive enzymes for breaking down outer layers of the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Actin

A

a protein that, together with myosin, forms the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actin-Myosin Bundle

A

a bundle of actin and myosin proteins found on smooth muscle cells that form the contractile filaments in muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Apical Meristem

A

growth region in plants found within root tips and the tips of new shoots and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon Collateral

A

a branch of the main axon that feeds back to the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axon Hillock

A

joins the soma to the axon in the neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biconcave

A

something that curves in in two places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell

A

the building block of life, all living things are made up of one or more cells, e.g. white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell Body

A

the spherical part of the neurone that contains the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell Capsule

A

an envelope around the cell wall found in some bacteria cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cell Cycle

A

the life cycle of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cell Division

A

when cells divide, they copy their DNA so that each new cell has the same genetic information. Cells divide for growth, repair and to specialise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cell Equator

A

centre of the cell, where chromosomes line up during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell Membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Pole

A

where chromosomes migrate to during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cellulose

A

an insoluble structure that supports cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell Wall

A

helps provide strength and structure to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chloroplasts

A

perform photosynthesis in plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Companion Cell

A

a cell that helps transport substances through the sieve cells of the phloem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Concave

A

something that curves inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytoplasm

A

the fluid part of the cell where many reactions happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dense Bodies

A

areas of electron density on smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Differentiation

A

the process for making specialised cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffusion

A

the spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Electron Microscope
invented in the 1930s, these microscopes use beams of electrons to magnify things up to 2 million times, but are far more expensive and difficult to use than light microscopes, and only magnify dead things
26
Scanning Electron Microscope
have a lower magnification than transmission electron microscopes but can produce 3D images
27
Transmission Electron Microscope
have a higher magnification than scanning electron microscopes but only produce 2D images
28
Embryonic Stem Cell
makes all types of stem cells in the body
29
Eukaryote
cells such as fungi, plant and animal cells, which have a nucleus
30
Flagellum
a small thread-like structure that helps cells to swim
31
Gamete
a sex cell
32
Inoculating Loop
a simple tool used mainly by microbiologists to pick up and transfer a small sample of microorganisms from a microbial culture for streaking on a culture plate
33
Light Microscope
microscopes that use light sources to magnify things up to 2000 times, can magnify alive and dead things, far cheaper and easier to use than electron microscopes
34
Lignin Spiral
helps support tissues in plants
35
Magnification
the measure of how much bigger the image is than the object magnification = size of image / size of object
36
Microscopy
use of a microscope
37
Middle Section
part of a sperm cell that contains mitochondria to make it move
38
Mitochondria
perform aerobic respiration, providing the cell with energy
39
Mitochondrial Eve
the name given to the most recent common female ancestor of all humans, who lived around 200000 years ago
40
Mitosis
the process of cell division
41
Multipotent
stem cells that have the ability to make some types of specialised cells
42
Murein
what the cell wall is made of
43
Myosin
a fibrous protein that, together with actin, forms the contractile filaments of muscle cells and is also involved in motion in other types of cell
44
Node of Ranvier
spaces between the myelin coating on the neurone's axon
45
Nuclear Membrane
membrane of the nucleus
46
Nucleus
contains a cell's DNA and genetic information
47
Organ
structure made up of more than one tissue, i.e. heart contains muscle, nerve, fat and connective tissue
48
Organelle
small component found inside a cell, eg nucleus
49
Organism
individual living being, eg blue whale
50
Organ System
group of organs that work together, eg digestive system
51
Parent Cell
cell that splits during mitosis
52
Palisade Cell
plant cells packed with chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis
53
Phagocytosis
the process by which a cell engulfs a particle and digests it
54
Phloem
cells which transport sugars produced in the leaves up and down the stem to growing and storage issues
55
Phloem Vessel
tissue made up of phloem cells
56
Pili
short curled hairs on the surface of certain bacteria that are involved in the attachment of the bacteria to other cells
57
Plasmids
small loops of DNA
58
Plasma Membrane
a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm
59
Pluripotent
stem cells that have the ability to make all types of specialised cells
60
Prokaryotes
bacteria cells which don’t have a nucleus, only a big loop of DNA and a cell wall made of slime
61
Protists
a form of single-cell eukaryotes
62
Red Blood Cell
cells containing haemoglobin for carrying oxygen, which have no mitochondria or nucleus, and are thin in the middle so oxygen can easily get to it
63
Replication
when cells split, creating duplicate cells from one parent cell
64
Resolution
the ability to distinguish between two separate points under a microscope
65
Resolving Power
how much detail a microscope can show
66
Ribosome
synthesises proteins
67
Root Cap
mass of cells covering the growth tip of a plant
68
Root Hair Cell
helps to absorb water and minerals from the soil by increasing the surface area of the root
69
Sieve Plate
secretes proteins through the sieve tube
70
Sieve Tube
transports sugars through the phloem
71
Slime Wall
protects the cell wall
72
Soma
spherical part of the neurone that contains the nucleus
73
Specialised Cells
cells adapted to do a certain job
74
Specialism
specific job of a specific cell
75
Sperm Cell
contain half the DNA needed to make a baby, the smallest animal cells
76
Stem Cells
unspecialised cells that can be used to make specialised cells
77
Tail
part of a sperm that helps it swim towards the egg
78
Terminal Buttons
found at the end of dendrites, responsible for passing electrical signals on to other neurones
79
Therapeutic Cloning
a procedure that involves produce an embryo with the same genes as the patient's so that they are not rejected by the patient's body
80
Tissue
a group of similar cells, eg muscle epithelial cell
81
Tissue Stem Cell
makes a few types of specialised cells
82
Vacuole
permanent part of the cells that gives it structure, made of cell sap
83
Vascular Bundle
xylem and phloem together
84
Xylem
cells which transport water and minerals up from the stem from the shoots and leaves, which occurs in one direction only
85
Zone of Cell Division
also known as the zone of maturation, where cells differentiate into different type so cells
86
Zone of Differentiation
the epidermis of the root hair cell
87
Zone of Elongation
part of the root hair cell that grows longer to allow roots to grow deeper into the soil
88
Zygote
a single new cell

Biology GCSE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions