Immune Systems

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

kill bacteria, taken for bacterial infections such as salmonella and gonorrhoea

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

a Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralise foreign objects such as pathogens

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

a toxin or foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body

Question 4

Antireterovirals

Answer 4

a specific type of antivirals for HIV

Question 5

Antiseptic

Answer 5

a type of disinfectant that is safe for use on skin

Question 6

Anti-Toxin

Answer 6

an antibody with the ability to neutralise a specific toxin

Question 7

Antiviral

Answer 7

taken for viruses such as measles

Question 8

Athlete’s Foot

Answer 8

a type of fungal infection

Question 9

Bacteria

Answer 9

a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease

Question 10

Bacteria Growth Formula

Answer 10

bacteria at the end of growth period = bacteria at the beginning of the growth period x 2^number of divisions

Question 11

B-Cell

Answer 11

a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies used to attack bacteria, viruses and toxins

Question 12

Binary Fission

Answer 12

asexual reproductions with no fertilisation, where one organism splits in tow, e.g. bacterial reproduction

Question 13

Carbon Monoxide

Answer 13

a chemical found in tobacco smoke that causes damage to cells

Question 14

Carcinogen

Answer 14

things that cause cancer or significantly increase your risks of developing cancer

Question 15

Casual Mechanism

Answer 15

something that explains how one factor influences another, eg agar gel

Question 16

Clinical Stage

Answer 16

the second part of a drug trial, where drugs are tested on healhty humans to test for side effects and toxicity before being tested on people with the illness to see if they work before being released

Question 17

Codeine

Answer 17

a strong painkiller made of opiates

Question 18

Disease

Answer 18

a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal or plant which may have a range of symptoms and be caused by bacteria

Question 19

Disinfectants

Answer 19

used to kill bacteria in the environment

Question 20

Double Blind Trials

Answer 20

a trial where neither the people administering the drug or the patients know if they are being given a real drug or a placebo

Question 21

Drug

Answer 21

a medicine or other substance that has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced to the body

Question 22

Epidemic

Answer 22

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

Question 23

Fungicides

Answer 23

taken for fungal infections

Question 24

Herd Immunity

Answer 24

where, by way of the majority of the population being vaccinated, an unvaccinated person is less likely to catch a disease

Question 25

Hybridoma

Answer 25

cells created during the production of monoclonal antibodies by the fusion of an antibody-specific lymphocyte and a tumour cell

Question 26

Immune

Answer 26

not being able to catch a disease because you already have antibodies in your blood to fight it

Question 27

Immunosuppressants

Answer 27

medications that suppress the immune system

Question 28

Lymphocyte

Answer 28

a type of white blood cell

Question 29

MRSA

Answer 29

Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus an infection caused by specific bacteria that are immune to common antibiotics, spread by getting into cuts, the bacteria live in people's noses

Question 30

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 30

lots of one type of antibodies

Question 31

Mutation

Answer 31

a change in the structure of a gene

Question 32

Painkiller

Answer 32

a drug or medicine that numbs pain receptors, stopping pain

Question 33

Pandemic

Answer 33

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time

Question 34

Penicillin

Answer 34

a type of naturally-occurring mould which can be used as an antibiotic

Question 35

Phagocyte

Answer 35

type of cell that has the ability to engulf and ingest foreign particles such as bacteria

Question 36

Placebo

Answer 36

a medicine that does not contain the actual medicine being tested, used in drug trials as a control

Question 37

Preclinical Testing

Answer 37

testing that happens to a drug before it is tested on humans, eg on computers, tissues and animals

Question 38

Protein Coat

Answer 38

what viruses have instead of cell walls or cell membranes

Question 39

Resistant

Answer 39

in the case of antibiotics, where an antibiotic does not work on a specific person

Question 40

T-Cells

Answer 40

lymphocytes which attack the body's own cells if they become infected with a virus or become cancerous

Question 41

Toxin

Answer 41

a poison of plant or animal origin

Question 42

Vaccine

Answer 42

a dead or weakened version of a pathogen

Question 43

Virus

Answer 43

a large group of disease-carrying protists

Question 44

White Blood Cells

Answer 44

cells that engulf pathogens and make antibodies and anti-toxins

Question 45

Zidovudine

Answer 45

an antiretroviral used for the treatment of HIV