Cells

Question 1

robert hooke

Answer 1

the discovery of the cell

Question 2

antionie van leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

saw bacteria and made his own microscope

Question 3

the cell theory (3 parts)

Answer 3

1. all living things are made of cells
2. the cell is the basic unit of structure/function
3. cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 4

matthias schleiden

Answer 4

discovered that all plants were made of cells

Question 5

theodor schwann

Answer 5

discovered that all animal were made of cells

Question 6

rudolf virchow

Answer 6

cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 7

eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

have a nucleus

Question 8

prokaryotic cells

Answer 8

don’t have a nucleus (bacteria)

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

surrounds animal and plant cells, selectively permeable, contain phospholipid bilayers

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane that is the medium for chemical reactions/metabolism. composed of water, salts, various organic chemical materials

Question 11

mitochondria

Answer 11

supplies energy to the cell, is a double membrane and produces ATP. contains two membranes that enclose it. “bean” structure

Question 12

ribosomes

Answer 12

made up of RNA and protein and does protein synthesis. doesn’t have lipid bilayer and is located on rough ER

Question 13

rough ER

Answer 13

intracellular pathway for proteins to be assembled and folded. has ribosomes and look like sheets

Question 14

smooth ER

Answer 14

doesn’t have ribosomes, synthesis of lipids and has the process of detoxification

Question 15

golgi apparatus/body

Answer 15

modify, sort, storage, and package proteins. help manufacture and store cellular secretions.

Question 16

lysosomes

Answer 16

membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes for breaking down macromolecules. lipid-bilayer.

Question 17

peroxisome

Answer 17

small membrane-enclosed organelle that contains catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide to maintain the organelle’s balance.

Question 18

vacuole

Answer 18

membrane-bound organelle that is found in both animals and plants which contains storage for water, carbs, salts, etc.

Question 19

flagella

Answer 19

whip-like extensions of the cell surface, helps aid in movement

Question 20

cilia

Answer 20

move water relative to the cell in a regular movement. made of microtubules. hair-like and short

Question 21

cytoskeleton

Answer 21

helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization. provides support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.

Question 22

microfilament

Answer 22

assist with cell movement. is threadlike and thin structure and is made of a protein called actin.

Question 23

microtubules

Answer 23

regulate cell growth/movement. cylindrical shell/hollow tube

Question 24

vesicle

Answer 24

intraceullar structure that takes proteins from ER to golgi apparatus

Question 25

nucleus

Answer 25

has its own membrane and stores hereditary material which eventually guides the production of proteins indirectly

Question 26

chromosomes

Answer 26

where genes are located and are threadlike (organized)

Question 27

chromatin

Answer 27

DNA/protein however are unorganized chromosomes/uncoiled DNA

Question 28

nucleolus

Answer 28

located inside nucleus and creates ribosomes

Question 29

chloroplasts

Answer 29

contains chlorophyll (green) and is a conversion factory for sun energy to glucose

Question 30

chromoplasts

Answer 30

all other pigments are created here

Question 31

leukoplasts

Answer 31

don't have pigments and store starch. use hydrolysis and is found in roots

Question 32

cell wall (plant and bacteria)

Answer 32

rigid/not flexible and is made up of cellulose

Question 33

centrioles

Answer 33

help in cell division