Organic Chemistry

Question 1

organic chemistry

Answer 1

chemistry that involves carbon

Question 2

What is carbon’s atomic number and atomic mass?

Answer 2

6, 12

Question 3

Number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in carbon?

Answer 3

6P, 6N, 6E

Question 4

electron configuration of carbon

Answer 4

2-4 (4 valence electrons)

Question 5

simple hydrocarbons

Answer 5

molecules that only contains hydrogen and carbon

Question 6

carbon skeleton

Answer 6

the longest chain of connected carbons

Question 7

isomer

Answer 7

molecules that have the same formula, but different structure

Question 8

name all the prefixes that dictate the number of carbons in the carbon skeleton (1-10)

Answer 8

meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Question 9

alkane

Answer 9

a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between the carbons

Question 10

alkene

Answer 10

a hydrocarbon that contains a double bond somewhere in the carbon skeleton

Question 11

alkyne

Answer 11

a hydrocarbon that contains a triple bond somewhere in the carbon skeleton

Question 12

functional groups

Answer 12

A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.

Question 13

hydroxyl (alcohol)

Answer 13

-OH (ethanol)

Question 14

carbonyl (aldehyde)

Answer 14

-CHO (on the end, ethanal)

Question 15

carbonyl (ketones)

Answer 15

CO (on the inside, ethanone)

Question 16

carboxyl (carboxylic acids)

Answer 16

-OOOH (ethanoic acid)

Question 17

amino (amines)

Answer 17

-NH2 (amino ethane)

Question 18

phosphate (organic phosphates)

Answer 18

-OPO3(-2)

Question 19

sulfhydryl (thiols)

Answer 19

~~SH (thiol ethane)

Question 20

mononer

Answer 20

“building block” - one unit in a complex macromolecule

Question 21

polymer

Answer 21

composed of repeating units of monomers

Question 22

dehydration synthesis*

Answer 22

process of combining monomers together in order to build a polymer (H2O is REMOVED)

Question 23

hydrolysis*

Answer 23

breaking down polymers into its individual monomers

Question 24

elements present in carbohydrates

Answer 24

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon (H:O, 2:1)

Question 25

monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 25

monosaccharides

Question 26

bonds of carbohydrates

Answer 26

glycosidic bonds

Question 27

examples of carbohydrates

Answer 27

glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, starch

Question 28

uses of carbohydrates

Answer 28

main source of energy for cells

Question 29

elements present in lipids

Answer 29

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen (no 2:1 ratio)

Question 30

monomer for lipids

Answer 30

there is no monomer, however there are simple liqids and more complex ones/glycerol, and fatty acid chains

Question 31

bond for lipids

Answer 31

ester bond

Question 32

examples of lipids

Answer 32

trygliceride, wax, cholesterol

Question 33

uses of lipids

Answer 33

store energy, act as waterproof coverings

Question 34

saturated fatty acids

Answer 34

contain all single bonds (alkanes)

Question 35

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 35

contain at least one double bond (alkenes)

Question 36

elements in proteins

Answer 36

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur sometimes

Question 37

monomer of proteins

Answer 37

amino acid

Question 38

bonds of proteins

Answer 38

peptide bond

Question 39

examples of proteins

Answer 39

hormone, enzyme (organic catalysts), storage/transport

Question 40

uses of proteins

Answer 40

speed up chemical reactions, provide structure/support

Question 41

elements present in nucleic acids

Answer 41

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 42

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 42

nucleotide

Question 43

bonds of nucleic acids

Answer 43

phosphodiester, N-glyosidic

Question 44

examples of nucleic acids

Answer 44

DNA/RNA

Question 45

uses of nucleic acids

Answer 45

provides instructions to cells on how to make proteins, allows gentic info to be passed