Homeostasis and Transport

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

stable, internal environment

Question 2

passive transport

Answer 2

requires no energy and transports from high to low concentration (down the C.G)

Question 3

simple diffusion

Answer 3

the movement of a molecule through a membrane from an area of high to low concentration

Question 4

concentration gradient

Answer 4

difference of concentration between two areas

Question 5

equilibrium

Answer 5

where the concentration gradient is equal on both sides (does not stop movement)

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of H2O through specific protein channels/aquaporin

Question 7

hypertonic

Answer 7

when one side of a membrane has a higher concentration of solute compound to the other side

Question 8

hypotonic

Answer 8

when one side of a membrane has a lower concentration of solute compared to the other side

Question 9

isotonic

Answer 9

when the solute concentration are equal across the membrane

Question 10

water always travels to the ______ side

Answer 10

hypertonic

Question 11

animal/plant cell in a hypotonic solution (what happens)

Answer 11

animal cell: lysed/cytolosis
plant cell: turgor pressure/high turgidity, and no space between cell wall & membrane

Question 12

cytolysis/lysed

Answer 12

animal cell, cell bursting due to too much water (extreme HYPERTONIC environments)

Question 13

turgor pressure

Answer 13

in plant cell, when the vacuole fills and pressure is put up to the cell wall (makes cells rigid)

Question 14

animal/plant cell in an isotonic solution (what happens)

Answer 14

water going both in and out of cell
plant cell: normal distance between cell wall and cell membrane

Question 15

animal/plant cell in an hypertonic solution (what happens)

Answer 15

animal cell: shriveled
plant cell: cell membrane takes shape of deformed central vacuole, plasmolysis

Question 16

plasmolysis

Answer 16

in plant cells, when the cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall (hypertonic environment)

Question 17

facilitated diffusion

Answer 17

diffusion with the help of proteins (carrier proteins)

Question 18

why the need for a carrier protein?

Answer 18

size (polysaccharides, amino acids are TOO BIG)
polarity (has to be NON POLAR)

Question 19

diffusion through ION channels

Answer 19

more picky facilitated diffusion (ions are polar, they have to be non-polar)
still a carrier protein

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

energy is required (ATP form the mitochondria, against the concentration gradient)

Question 21

NaoKin

Answer 21

sodium (Na) goes out (o) and potassium (K) goes inside (in)

Question 22

describe the process of cell membrane pumps

Answer 22

cell membrane pumps take 3 sodium molecules from the cytoplasm. it binds a phosphate from the ATP to change its shape to allow the sodium to get to the outside of the cell. it then takes two potassium elements into the same pump from the outside, and pumps it into the cytoplasm, releasing the phosphate form the ATP.

Question 23

endocytosis

Answer 23

the taking in of matter by a living cell by engulfing them in a vesicle from the outside of the cell

Question 24

phagocytosis

Answer 24

cell eating, brings in LARGER particles

Question 25

pinocytosis

Answer 25

cell drinking, brings in large particles

Question 26

exocystosis

Answer 26

vesicle fuses with the membrane to get rid of large waste (does not matter of liquid)

Question 27

thermalregulation essay

Answer 27

Thermalregulation is the process of maintaining a body tenperaturenof 37C. When there is a decrease in body temperature, blood moves through the brain to indicate a change in temperature. Then, the hypothalamus sends a signal to close blood vessels and muscles to shiver. Shivering generates heat to increase body temperature. When the body has an increase in temperature, the hypothamlamus sends a signal to open blood vessels to sweat, reducing the heat so our body temperature lowers.

Question 28

osmoregulation essay

Answer 28

Osmoregulation is a process to maintain balance of water and salt in the body. Regardless of low levels or high levels of water, the body’s blood vessels first sense change in water concentration. If it has low levels of water, the hypothalamous tells kidneys to reabsorb water which causes yellow urine. The hypothalamous then makes our mouths dry so we drink water and thereby increasing our water level. If our body has high levels or water, the hypothalamous tells kidneys to absorb less water which causes a full bladder. A full bladder causes pain, therefore we pee and our water levels decrease.

Question 29

Blood glucose (sugar) essay

Answer 29

Our body regulates glucose/sugar in our body. If our glucose level is low, our pancreas releases glucagon. The liver then breaks down glycogen into gluclose and our sugar levels increase. If our gluecose level is too high, the pancreas releases insilin. The liver then responds by storing glucose as glycogen, decreasing our glucose level.

Question 30

gas exchange essay

Answer 30

Gas exchange is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in our bodies when we breathe. If our body is recieving too much O2, our body moves air in faster through means like heavy breathing. O2 uses passive transport to cross alveolous into blood. And then the O2 concentration in our blood increases.