Cells

Question 1

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?

Answer 1

Cell wall, large central vacuole, plastids (chloropast)

Question 2

2 types of cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic

Question 3

Dont have membrane-bound organelles

Answer 3

Prokaryotes

Question 4

Has membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions

Answer 4

Eukaryotes

Question 5

Two prokaryotic domains

Answer 5

Bacteria & archaea

Question 6

Colonial Organism

Answer 6

Connected groups of identical cells

Question 7

Multicellular structure (pyramid)

Answer 7

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, multicellular organism

Question 8

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 8

Controls entering/exiting molecules

Question 9

Membrane Lipids

Answer 9

Made of phospholipid bilayer
Eukaryotes have sterols witin for structure and insulation

Question 10

Membrane Proteins
(Integral proteins)

Answer 10

regulate molecule transportation, surfacce markers, receptors, use carbs as labels

Question 11

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 11

Membrane bilayer costantly moves fluidly as a mosaic of lipids and proteis

Question 12

Nucleus controls…

Answer 12

functions of eukaryotic cells

Question 13

Contents of nucleus are held in

Answer 13

nucleoplasm

Question 14

Nucleus holds DNA as chromatin, which before cell division …

Answer 14

condenses into chomosomes

Question 15

Nucleus is where DNA converts into…

Answer 15

RNA

Question 16

Nuclear envelope

Answer 16

Two phospholipid bilayers with nuclear pores

Question 17

Nucleolus

Answer 17

Where DNA forms ribosomal RNA

Question 18

Mitochondria
(two phospholipid membranes)

Answer 18

Transfers energy to ATP
Outer membrane is barrier
Inner membrane has cristae for harvesting energy

Question 19

Why can mitochondria produce by cell division?

Answer 19

They have mitochondrial DNA

Question 20

Ribosomes
(made of RNA and protein)

Answer 20

Build proteins
(float or attached to ER)

Question 21

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 21

Tubes and sacs (cisternae) that transport molecules around the cell

Question 22

Rough ER

Answer 22

Covered in ribosomes
Proteins are transferred in or out of cell membrane

Question 23

Smooth ER

Answer 23

Builds lipids (cholesteral)

Question 24

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 24

Membranous sacs recieve vesicles (transportation for proteins/lipids) and lables them with carbs

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Digestivve enzymes digest old organelles by autophagy or dysfunctioning cells by autolysis

Question 26

Peroxisomes

Answer 26

Neutralize damaging oxyfen ions (radicals), detoxify drugs, produces hydrogen peroxide during the process

Question 27

Glyoxysomes break down fats in plant seeds for energy

Answer 27

Another vesicle

Question 28

Endosomes

Answer 28

formed from pockets in membraes

Question 29

Food vacuoles

Answer 29

Store nutrients

Question 30

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 30

rid excess water

Question 31

Protein synthesis

Answer 31

Ribosomes on rough ER, transported in vesicles to Golgi Apparatus, modified and repacked, released from vesicles, (remaining vesicles are lysosomes or peroxisomes)

Question 32

Cytoskeleton

Answer 32

Tubes and filaments as roadways and structure

Question 33

Microtubules

Answer 33

Hollow tubes of tubulin keep organelles in place, keep shape, guide molecules

Question 34

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 34

Rods hold organelles in place

Question 35

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 35

Hair-like stuctures on cells for movement (made of 9 microtubules and 2 central tubules

Question 36

Centrioles

Answer 36

Two short cylinders of microtubules that organize microtubules of the cytoskeleton during cell division in animal cells

Question 37

Plant cells have additional...

Answer 37

Cell walls, large central vacuoles, and plastidsC

Question 38

Cell wall

Answer 38

Cellulose inside proteins and carbs that form boxes around cell (has pores)

Question 39

Primary and secondary wall

Answer 39

Primary wall built by enzymes, secondary wall grows between mebrane and primary wall; can't expand

Question 40

Central Vacuole

Answer 40

stores water, enzymes, wastes Provides a lot of structure; wilts without water

Question 41

Other vacuoles (plant cell)

Answer 41

Store toxic materials or pigments

Question 42

Plastids

Answer 42

Surrounded by double membrane and has own DNA

Question 43

Chloroplasts (cell division)

Answer 43

Make carbs from light energy with H2O and CO2 using chlorophyll inside thylakoids (membranous sacs)

Question 44

Endosymbiosis

Answer 44

Prokaryotic cells incorporated in eukaryotic cells a long time ago

Question 45

Chromoplasts

Answer 45

Contain pigments; sometimes helps with photosynthesis