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Science > Motion & Forces > Flashcards

Motion & Forces Flashcards

1
Q

Motion

A

When the distance between and object and a reference point changes

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2
Q

Reference point

A

The stationary object used to see whether another object is moving in relation to it

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3
Q

Displacement

A

The different between an object’s initial and final position

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4
Q

Speed

A

The distance an object travels in one unit of time

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5
Q

Speed formula

A

Speed = distance/time
(units = m/s or km/hr)

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6
Q

Constant speed

A

Stays the same the entire time
(Ex. horse, car in cruise control, boat)

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7
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

At a specific moment in time
(Ex. radar gun, speedometer in car)

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8
Q

Average speed

A

Overall speed on a trip (total distance/total time)

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9
Q

Velocity

A

Speed in a given direction; has the same formula as speed
(Ex. weather forecast, airplane pilot)

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10
Q

Resultant velocity

A

When you combine multiple velocity is to get a total velocity
(Ex. plane velocity (100 km/hr) PLUS opposing wind velocity (25 km/hr) = 75 km/hr)

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11
Q

Acceleration

A

Rate at which velocity changes
- increase/decrease speed
- change direction (Ferris wheel, orbit)

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12
Q

Acceleration Formula

A

(Final velocity - initial velocity)/time
Units = m/s sq. or km/s sq.

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13
Q

Distance traveled

A

The total length of a path.

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14
Q

Slope

A

The steepness of the line on a graph 

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15
Q

Basic SI unit of length

A

Meter

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16
Q

Horizontal line

A

Object has a constant speed

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17
Q

Distance - time graph

A

Time is plotted on the x-axis and speed or velocity is plotted on the Y axis. The deeper the graph, the faster the motion. A downward sloping line means the object is returning to the start.

18
Q

Weight

A

The measure of gravitational force on an object that changes with each planet.
Unit = Newtons (N)

19
Q

Force

A

A change in motion or acceleration of an object (a push or pull)

20
Q

Force formula

A

Force = mass x acceleration

21
Q

Contact force

A

Must touch

22
Q

Noncontact force

A

Does not touch, for example, gravity and magnetism.

23
Q

Unbalanced force 

A

Object will change its state of motion 

24
Q

Balanced force

A

Object will not change its state of motion

25
Q

Centripetal force

A

A force on something with a circular path, and directs the object toward the center around where it is moving. For example, the moon in orbit, or a roller coaster loop.

26
Q

Gravity

A

The force of attraction between objects due to mass

27
Q

Law of universal gravitation

A

Depends on mass and distance if force increases, mass increases, and if force increases distance decreases.

28
Q

Friction

A

A force that resists motion between two surfaces, and can be helpful or harmful.

29
Q

Kinetic friction

A

Moving

30
Q

Static friction

A

Not moving

31
Q

Sliding friction

A

Solid surfaces slide over each other

32
Q

Rolling friction

A

An object rolls over a surface with a circular motion

33
Q

Fluid friction

A

An object moves through a fluid (gas or liquid)

34
Q

Reducing friction

A

Lubricants, adding wheels, or making surfaces smoother

35
Q

Increasing friction

A

Make surfaces rougher, or increase force between the services by adding weight/pressure

36
Q

Newtons law of inertia

A

Objects in motion, book heat, moving at the same speed, and in the same direction, unless force changes their motion. Objects at rest will stay at rest unless a force makes them move.

37
Q

Newtons law of acceleration

A

An unbalanced force causes a change in speed which causes acceleration

38
Q

Newtons law of action and reaction

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction when two things collide, they press against each other with equal force in opposite directions when two objects with unequal Mascalaito, the objects will accelerate at different rates

39
Q

Freefall

A

The state that exists, when only the force of gravity is acting on an object

40
Q

Terminal velocity

A

A following object reaches this, when forces of gravity and air assistance are balanced

41
Q

Air resistance

A

The kind of friction that slows a falling object

Science (9 decks)

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