Macromolecules

Question 1

4 Macromolecules of life

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic, acids, and lipids 

Question 2

Elements of life

Answer 2

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

A large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

Question 5

Dipeptide

Answer 5

Two amino acids bonded together

Question 6

Polypeptide

Answer 6

A long chain of amino acids that make proteins

Question 7

Enzyme

Answer 7

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Question 8

Substrate

Answer 8

The reactant being catalyzed; needs to be specific in order for it to fit with an enzyme

Question 9

Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis

Answer 9

Water is gotten rid of as a byproduct of two monomers making space to link together

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

Water is added to a polymer to break it down into monomers

Question 11

Elements of carbohydrates

Answer 11

CHO

Question 12

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 12

Short term, energy storage; immediate energy; bodies primary source of energy

Question 13

Monosaccharides

Answer 13

Glucose fructose galactose

Question 14

Disaccharides

Answer 14

Sucrose lactose Maltos
Joined by glycosidic linkage

Question 15

Polysaccharides are

Answer 15

A long chain of monosaccharides

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

 Form of glucose storage in plants

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

Glucose storage in animals

Question 18

Cellulose

Answer 18

Structural polysaccharides in cell walls

Question 19

Chitin

Answer 19

Exoskeleton of arthropods

Question 20

Elements of lipids

Answer 20

CHO

Question 21

Examples of lipids

Answer 21

Triglycerides, fatty acids phospholipids, steroids, waxes, and pigments

Question 22

Fatty acids

Answer 22

Monomer of lipids; made from a carbon chain (only CH)

Question 23

Saturated hydrocarbon chain

Answer 23

Straight line; more hydrogen; no double bonds; packed tighter together; high melting point

Question 24

Unsaturated carbon chain

Answer 24

Bends in the line; less hydrogen; double bonds; liquid at room temperature; low melting point

Question 25

Phospholipids: tails

Answer 25

Two; hydrophobic; made of fatty acids

Question 26

Phospholipids: head

Answer 26

One; phosphate; hydrophilic

Question 27

Cell membrane

Answer 27

Made of a phospholipid bilayer

Question 28

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 28

Arrange tail to tail because the head wants to be facing H2O

Question 29

Proteins are

Answer 29

Chains of amino acids

Question 30

Functions of proteins

Answer 30

Structural support, catalyst, transport, defense, movement, regulation

Question 31

Elements of proteins

Answer 31

CHON

Question 32

Structure of proteins

Answer 32

Primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 33

Nucleic acid elements

Answer 33

CHONP 

Question 34

Nucleic acid functions

Answer 34

Store and transmit genetic information

Question 35

Types of nucleic acids

Answer 35

DNA and RNA

Question 36

Monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 36

Nucleotides

Question 37

Why can lipids store more energy than carbs?

Answer 37

They have a large number of hydrogen carbon bonds

Question 38

GGF (energy source)

Answer 38

Glucose galactose fructose

Question 39

LSM transport

Answer 39

Lactose sucrose maltose

Question 40

CGS store

Answer 40

Cellulose, glycogen, starch

Question 41

Salmon, avocados, nuts

Answer 41

Lipids

Question 42

Sugar, wheat, vegetables

Answer 42

Carbs

Question 43

DNA and RNA

Answer 43

Nucleic acids

Question 44

Enzymes insulin hemoglobin

Answer 44

Proteins

Question 45

Denatured protein

Answer 45

A change in shape caused by higher temperatures or changed pH

Question 46

Chaperoning

Answer 46

Protein molecule that helps properly fold other proteins

Question 47

X-ray crystallography

Answer 47

Determines 3D structure of a protein

Question 48

Role of DNA

Answer 48

Store information for protein synthesis

Question 49

RNA functions

Answer 49

Direct RNA synthesis & protein synthesis

Question 50

Each polynucleotide has

Answer 50

Nucleotides, sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base

Question 51

Cellular DNA molecules have two…

Answer 51

Polynucleotides that spiral on an axis to form a double helix

Question 52

Double helix consists of

Answer 52

Two intersecting nucleotide strands

Question 53

Nitrogenous bases in DNA

Answer 53

AT & CG

Question 54

CHO and sometimes P

Answer 54

Lipids

Question 55

CHO; 1:2:1; forms rings

Answer 55

Monosaccharide

Question 56

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 56

Hydrolysis provides energy needed to drive chemical reactions; ATP stores energy within compound

Question 57

DNA and RNA both…

Answer 57

Store genetic information; are made from nucleotides

Question 58

Steroid structure

Answer 58

Fused carbon rings with various attached functional groups

Question 59

Formula for a monosaccharide

Answer 59

(CH2O)n