Cells

Question 1

It has true nucleus

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Question 2

has no nucleus/ has nucleoid body

Answer 2

Prokaryotic

Question 3

Diploid, has 2 copies of their genome

Answer 3

Somatic cells

Question 4

haploid, has 1 copy of their genome

Answer 4

sex cells

Question 5

5 kingdom:

Answer 5

Plant
Animal
Fungi
Protist
Monera

Question 6

single celled organism (amoeba, euglena)

Answer 6

Protist

Question 7

has economic importance/breadmaking

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

It can be found in the body cells and sex cells

Answer 8

Eukaryotic

Question 9

Command center, genetic headquarters, separates DNA within cell

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

4 major components of cell (Macromolecules)

Answer 10

carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
lipids (fats and oils)
proteins
nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 11

sum of all chemical reaction
made up of anabolism and catabolism

Answer 11

Metabolism

Question 12

destruction of cell

Answer 12

Autolysis

Question 13

All cells share certain features that enable them to perform the basic life functions of:

Answer 13

reproduction, growth, response to stimuli, and energy use.

Question 14

Specialized features emerge as cells express different subsets of the thousands of _____

Answer 14

protein-encoding genes

Question 15

*Cells require _____ and _____ in much smaller amounts

Answer 15

vitamins and minerals

Question 16

Life is based on the ______ that govern all matter

Answer 16

chemical principles

Question 17

________ is based on a highly organized subset of the chemical reactions of life.

Answer 17

genetics

Question 18

It provide energy and contribute to cell structure

Answer 18

carbohydrates

Question 19

form the basis of several types of hormones, form membranes, provide insulation, and store energy

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

have many diverse functions in the human body, participate in blood clotting nerve transmission, and muscle contraction and form the bulk of the body’s connective tissue. These are antibodies that fight bacterial infection

Answer 20

Proteins

Question 21

These are especially important proteins because they facilitate, or catalyze biochemical reactions so that they occur swiftly enough to sustain life

Answer 21

Enzymes

Question 22

DNA and RNA, the most important to the study of genetics are the which translate information from past generations into specific collections of proteins that give a cell its individual characteristics.

Answer 22

nucleic acids

Question 23

lack of the enzyme lactase, which enables the digestive system to break down the carbohydrate lactose

Answer 23

lactase deficiency

Question 24

An inherited gene variant that halved the number of protein receptors for cholesterol on his liver cells.

Answer 24

familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 25

inborn error of metabolism makes urine smell like maple syrup.

Answer 25

maple syrup urine disease

Question 26

caused by the deficiency of an enzyme called HGPRT.

Answer 26

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Question 27

slows her body's use of the vitamin biotin

Answer 27

biotinidase deficiency

Question 28

weakened liver could no longer control the excess copper her digestive tract absorbed from food

Answer 28

Wilson disease

Question 29

_____ provide specialized functions for the cell

Answer 29

organelles

Question 30

All cell types have a single nucleus, except for ________, which expel their nuclei as they mature

Answer 30

red blood cells

Question 31

site of protein synthesis, has ribosomes

Answer 31

Rough ER

Question 32

site lipid synthesis, has no ribosomes

Answer 32

Smooth ER

Question 33

processes secretions

Answer 33

Golgi Apparatus

Question 34

trash centers, dismantles debris, cell scavengers, recycle cell contents

Answer 34

Lysosomes

Question 35

energy production, processes secretions, extracts energy, participates in cell death

Answer 35

Mitochondria

Question 36

breaks down and detoxifies various molecules

Answer 36

Peroxisome

Question 37

scaffold and catalyst for protein synthesis

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

temporarily stores or transports substances

Answer 38

vesicle

Question 39

*Two -faced molecule, with one end attracted to water (hydrophilic, or “water-loving) and the other repelled by it (hydrophobic “water-fearing”) *Depicted as circle with two tails

Answer 39

phospholipid bilayer

Question 40

the channels become hypersensitive, opening and flooding the body with pain easily, in response to exercise, an increase in room temperature, or just putting on socks.

Answer 40

burning man syndrome

Question 41

a disorder, the sodium channels stay open too long, causing excruciating pain

Answer 41

"paroxysmal extreme pain disorder

Question 42

abnormal potassium channels in the cells of the heart muscle and in the inner ear.

Answer 42

Long-QT Syndrome

Question 43

The chloride channel is called CFTR which means

Answer 43

cystic fibrosis transductance regulator

Question 44

it is is made of protein rods and tubules

Answer 44

cytoskeleton

Question 45

three major components of the cytoskeleton are?

Answer 45

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Question 46

Through special staining, the cytoskeletons in these cells appear -______ under the microscope

Answer 46

orange

Question 47

Microtubules form _____, which are hairlike structures that wave, moving secretions such as mucus on the cell surfaces

Answer 47

cilia

Question 48

a disorder that affects intermediate filaments in nerve cells. a rare "orphan genetic disorder" for which there is no cure, no treatment, no clinical trial and no ongoing research.

Answer 48

GAN- giant axonal neuropathy

Question 49

first diagnosed to have GAN

Answer 49

Hannah Sarah Sames

Question 50

what supports the plasma membrane of a red blood cell withstands the turbulence of circulation.

Answer 50

cytoskeleton

Question 51

Proteins called _____ bind molecules of spectrin from the cytoskeleton to the inner membrane surface

Answer 51

ankyrins

Question 52

______ binds proteins that help ferry molecules across the plasma membrane.

Answer 52

ankyrins

Question 53

abnormal ankyrin collapses the plasma membrane. The cell balloons-a problem for a cell whose function depends upon its shape. The inset shows normal red blood cells.

Answer 53

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 54

They are the units of life. They consist mostly of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Answer 54

cells

Question 55

It subdivide specific cell functions

Answer 55

organelles

Question 56

It is a flexible, selective phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and lipid rafts.

Answer 56

plasma membrane

Question 57

an inner framework made of protein rods and tubules, connectors and motor molecules.

Answer 57

cytoskeleton

Question 58

human processes:

Answer 58

* Growth, * development, * maintaining health, and * healing from disease or injury

Question 59

a form of cell division that gives rise to two somatic cells from one

Answer 59

mitosis

Question 60

programmed cell death

Answer 60

apoptosis

Question 61

Cell numbers increase from

Answer 61

mitosis

Question 62

cell decreases from

Answer 62

apoptosis

Question 63

normal apoptosis fails to carve digits, and webbing persists.

Answer 63

syndactyly

Question 64

cell cycle is divided into:

Answer 64

interphase and mitosis

Question 65

it is when cellular components are replicated

Answer 65

interphase

Question 66

when the cell distributes its contents into two daughter cells.

Answer 66

mitosis

Question 67

interphase is divided into

Answer 67

g1, g2, and s phase

Question 68

a phase where the cell duplicates specific molecules and structures

Answer 68

g1 and g2 phase

Question 69

phase when it replicates dna

Answer 69

s phase

Question 70

mitosis is divided into how many stage

Answer 70

4 stages plus cytokinesis

Question 71

when the cells separates

Answer 71

cytokinesis

Question 72

is a "time-out" when a cell "decides" which course of action to follow

Answer 72

G0

Question 73

not dividing

Answer 73

interphase

Question 74

dividing

Answer 74

mitosis

Question 75

a cell duplicates its chromosomes, then apportions one set into each of two resulting cells, called daughter cells. This maintains the set of 23 chromosome pairs characteristic of a human somatic cell.

Answer 75

mitosis

Question 76

produces sperm or eggs, which have half the amount of genetic material in somatic cells, or 23 single chromosomes.

Answer 76

meiosis

Question 77

It temporarily pauses the cell cycle while special proteins repair damaged DNA.

Answer 77

DNA damage checkpoint

Question 78

proteins called _______ override signals telling the cell to die, ensuring that mitosis (division) rather than apoptosis (death) occurs.

Answer 78

survivins