Cells

Question 1

What are the five large groups into which organisms can be grouped?

Answer 1

Kingdoms: Protista, Monera, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Kingdom protista can also be called Protoctista. Kingdom Monera can be referred to as Kingdom Bacteria.

Question 2

What is a microbe?

Answer 2

A microscopic organism that can only be seen with a microscope

Microbes can be present in any environment.

Question 3

Give an example of where microbes can be found.

Answer 3

Fungi on bread and Protoctista in the blood

These examples illustrate the diverse habitats of microbes.

Question 4

What is a virus?

Answer 4

A microbe that is not living as it is not made up of cells

Viruses need a host cell in order to reproduce.

Question 5

What is the genetic material of a virus surrounded by?

Answer 5

A protein coat

The genetic material can be RNA or DNA.

Question 6

Fill in the blank: Some microbes are _______.

Answer 6

useful

Examples include microbes in yogurt and sourdough bread.

Question 7

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 7

A virus that attacks a bacterium

Bacteriophages are specific to bacteria and can be used in phage therapy.

Question 8

What is the simplest, complete, living unit of life?

Answer 8

A cell

A cell can carry out all of the characteristics of life, such as respiration and reproduction.

Question 9

What does multicellular mean?

Answer 9

Made up of many cells

Multicellular organisms are complex and can be seen with the naked eye.

Question 10

Give two examples of multicellular organisms.

Answer 10

• Bracken fern
• Mushrooms
• Spider

Question 11

What does unicellular mean?

Answer 11

Made up of only one cell

Unicellular organisms are simple and require a microscope to be seen.

Question 12

Give two examples of unicellular organisms.

Answer 12

• Chlorella
• Paramecium

Question 13

True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.

Answer 13

False

Viruses are not made up of cells and consist of DNA and a protein coat.

Question 14

What term describes organisms that do not have ‘proper’ cells?

Answer 14

Acellular

An example of an acellular organism is the fungus Bread Mould.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: An organism that is _______ is simple and made up of only one cell.

Answer 15

unicellular

Question 16

Fill in the blank: An organism that is _______ is complex and made up of many cells.

Answer 16

multicellular

Question 17

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 17

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are simpler cells, while Eukaryotes are more complex.

Question 18

Prokaryotes are found only in which kingdom?

Answer 18

Bacteria

This distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells, which are found in multiple kingdoms.

Question 19

What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotes?

Answer 19

Single loop of DNA

Unlike eukaryotes, which have linear DNA organized in chromosomes.

Question 20

Do prokaryotic cells have organelles?

Answer 20

No organelles

This is a key difference from eukaryotic cells, which contain various organelles.

Question 21

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 21

NO nucleus

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, which is present in eukaryotes.

Question 22

What is the relative size of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

Answer 22

Smaller cells

This size difference is significant in cell biology.

Question 23

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 23

Cells found in all the other kingdoms: Fungi, Protista, Animals, and Plants

Eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes by their cellular structure.

Question 24

What is a distinct feature of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 24

Distinct nucleus with DNA in a helix

The presence of a nucleus is one of the defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells.

Question 25

What types of organelles are found in Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 25

Organelles found ## Footnote Organelles include structures like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Question 26

How do the sizes of Eukaryotic cells compare to prokaryotic cells?

Answer 26

Larger cells ## Footnote Eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.

Question 27

What is the liquid part of the cell where chemical reactions occur?

Answer 27

Cytoplasm

Question 28

What holds salts and minerals in the cell?

Answer 28

Vacuole

Question 29

What holds chemicals (enzymes) that destroy toxins in the cell?

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

What carries out respiration so the cell has energy?

Answer 30

Mitochondrion

Question 31

What is the thin outer boundary that selects what can enter and leave the cell?

Answer 31

Cell Membrane ## Footnote The membrane is selectively permeable.

Question 32

What has genetic material called DNA that tells the cell what to do?

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

What is an organelle?

Answer 33

A small component of a cell that has a specific function ## Footnote Examples include the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: An organelle is a small component of a cell that has a specific _______.

Answer 34

function

Question 35

They are surrounded only by a thin membrane

Answer 35

Animal cell

Question 36

They have a cellulose cell wall in addition to a cell membrane

Answer 36

Plant cell

Question 37

They have a large central vacuole

Answer 37

Plant cell

Question 38

They do not have a large central vacuole

Answer 38

Animal cell

Question 39

The cytoplasm fills the cell

Answer 39

Animal cell

Question 40

The cytoplasm is pushed towards the edge of the cell

Answer 40

Plant cell

Question 41

The cytoplasm contains chloroplasts

Answer 41

Plant cell

Question 42

The cytoplasm does not contain chloroplasts

Answer 42

Animal cell

Question 43

Food is stored as starch

Answer 43

Plant cell

Question 44

Food is stored as glycogen

Answer 44

Animal cell

Question 45

Why do organisms have different organs?

Answer 45

Because organs have varied roles and need different types of cells.

Question 46

Why do different organs need different cells?

Answer 46

Because each organ performs different functions and requires specialized cells.

Question 47

Do all cells in an organism have the same organelles?

Answer 47

No

Question 48

Do all cells in an organism have the same function?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

Give an example of two different organs and their need for different cells.

Answer 49

The stomach and brain need different types of cells because they perform different functions.

Question 50

Do all cells look the same?

Answer 50

No

Question 51

Why do cells look different from each other?

Answer 51

Because they are well adapted to their specific function.

Question 52

What does it mean when we say a cell is 'well adapted'?

Answer 52

It means the cell has structures and features that help it perform its job effectively.

Question 53

What is the main function of a sperm cell?

Answer 53

To swim to and fertilize an egg cell.

Question 54

How is the sperm cell adapted for movement?

Answer 54

It has a long tail (flagellum) to help it swim.

Question 55

What does the head of a sperm cell contain?

Answer 55

Enzymes in the acrosome to digest the egg’s outer layer.

Question 56

What is the role of the enzymes in the sperm cell’s head?

Answer 56

To break down the outer membrane of the egg so it can enter.

Question 57

What is contained in the nucleus of the sperm cell?

Answer 57

Chromosomes that carry the DNA (genetic material).

Question 58

Why is DNA in the sperm cell important?

Answer 58

Because it combines with the egg’s DNA to form the embryo.