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Biology Year 7 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?

A

About 28 days.

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2
Q

When does menstruation usually start?

A

Between ages 9 and 15.

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3
Q

What is menstruation?

A

The shedding of the uterus lining along with the unfertilised egg.

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4
Q

What hormone rebuilds the uterus lining?

A

Oestrogen.

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5
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The release of an egg from the ovary

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6
Q

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

A

Luteinising Hormone (LH).

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7
Q

What hormone maintains the thick uterus lining?

A

Progesterone.

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8
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the fallopian tube.

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9
Q

What is implantation?

A

When a fertilised egg sinks into the uterus lining.

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10
Q

What happens if the egg is not fertilised?

A

The lining is shed and menstruation begins.

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11
Q

What happens if the egg is fertilised?

A

Implantation occurs and pregnancy begins.

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12
Q

Why does a woman not have a period during pregnancy?

A

Because the uterus lining is still needed to support the embryo.

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13
Q

What are gametes?

A

The egg and sperm cells.

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14
Q

What forms when a sperm fertilises an egg?

A

A zygote.

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15
Q

What does the blastocyst develop from?

A

The zygote.

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16
Q

When is a woman considered pregnant?

A

When the blastocyst implants in the uterus lining.

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17
Q

Where does implantation occur?

A

In the lining of the uterus (womb).

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18
Q

What happens at 6 weeks of pregnancy?

A

The foetus begins forming organs.

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19
Q

What happens at 12 weeks of pregnancy?

A

Most major organs have formed and movement may begin.

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20
Q

What is the 20-week procedure all women have?

A

An ultrasound scan.

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21
Q

What does the 20-week scan show?

A

Foetus development

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22
Q

What happens around 30 weeks?

A

Rapid growth and brain development.

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23
Q

What is considered a full-term pregnancy?

A

37 to 42 weeks.

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24
Q

What is a premature birth?

A

Birth before 37 weeks.

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25
What happens at 42 weeks?
Labour may be induced.
26
What is the purpose of sexual intercourse in humans?
To transfer sperm from the male body to the female body (vagina) for fertilisation.
27
Is fertilisation in humans internal or external?
Internal.
28
What is deposited into the vagina during intercourse?
Semen.
29
What causes the penis to become erect?
Blood flowing into the penis when the man is sexually excited.
30
What is the erect penis inserted into?
The vagina.
31
What happens when touch receptors at the tip of the penis are stimulated?
Muscles around the sperm ducts and urethra contract.
32
What do these muscle contractions cause?
Semen containing sperm to be expelled into the vagina.
33
What is the process of semen being released called?
Ejaculation.
34
What tube carries sperm out of the male body?
The urethra.
35
What does semen contain?
Sperm cells.
36
At what age does puberty usually begin in girls?
Between ages 10–13.
37
At what age does puberty usually begin in boys?
Between ages 12–14.
38
Which sex hormone do ovaries produce at puberty?
Oestrogen.
39
In which gender does the voice deepen or "break"?
Boys.
40
In which gender do breasts develop?
Girls.
41
In which gender do shoulders broaden?
Boys.
42
In which gender do hips widen?
Girls.
43
Who begins menstruation during puberty?
Girls.
44
Who grows pubic and underarm hair during puberty?
Both boys and girls.
45
Who grows facial and chest hair during puberty?
Boys.
46
Who develops greasier skin due to active sebaceous glands?
Both boys and girls.
47
Who may get acne due to infected sebaceous glands?
Both boys and girls.
48
Which sex hormone do testes begin to produce at puberty?
Testosterone.
49
Who begins sperm production during puberty?
Boys.
50
In whom does the penis grow longer and thicker?
Boys.
51
Who experiences more active sweat glands at puberty?
Both boys and girls.
52
Who gets taller during puberty?
Both boys and girls.
53
Whose testes grow bigger during puberty?
Boys.
54
Who experiences changes in thinking and outlook?
Both boys and girls.
55
Who starts releasing a mature egg monthly?
Girls.
56
What triggers the start of birth?
Contractions of the uterus muscles—this is called labour.
57
What are the first contractions like?
They are gentle and occur about once an hour.
58
What happens to the cervix during labour?
It stretches and opens due to muscle contractions.
59
What is the purpose of abdominal and uterine muscles during birth?
They push the baby down through the cervix and vagina.
60
What is the first physical sign that birth is near?
The amniotic sac bursts—this is called the "breaking of the waters."
61
What position does the foetus usually move into before birth?
Head-down
62
What is the placenta's role after birth?
It detaches from the uterus and is pushed out—this is called the afterbirth.
63
What is the umbilical cord and placenta connection?
The baby is attached to the mother by the umbilical cord
64
What happens to the umbilical cord after birth?
It is cut after birth since the baby can now breathe on its own.
65
Why is cutting the umbilical cord painless?
Because there are no nerves in the cord.
66
What triggers the start of birth?
Contractions of the uterus muscles—this is called labour.
67
What are the first contractions like?
They are gentle and occur about once an hour.
68
What happens to the cervix during labour?
It stretches and opens due to muscle contractions.
69
What is the purpose of abdominal and uterine muscles during birth?
They push the baby down through the cervix and vagina.
70
What is the first physical sign that birth is near?
The amniotic sac bursts—this is called the "breaking of the waters."
71
What position does the foetus usually move into before birth?
Head-down, just above the cervix.
72
What is the placenta's role after birth?
It detaches from the uterus and is pushed out—this is called the afterbirth.
73
What is the umbilical cord and placenta connection?
The baby is attached to the mother by the umbilical cord, which connects to the placenta.
74
What happens to the umbilical cord after birth?
It is cut after birth since the baby can now breathe on its own.
75
Why is cutting the umbilical cord painless?
Because there are no nerves in the cord.

Biology Year 7 (5 decks)

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