Cells

Question 1

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

A cell without a nucleus

e.g. Bacterium

Question 2

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

A cell with a nucleus

e.g. Plant and animal cells

Question 3

What organelles are in an animal cell?

Answer 3

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes

Question 4

What organelles are in a plant cell?

Answer 4

• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Chloroplast
• Cytoplasm
• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
• Ribosomes
• Vacuole

Question 5

What is the Function of the Nucleus?

Answer 5

To control the functions of the cell

Question 6

What is the Function of ribosomes?

Answer 6

To synthesise proteins

Question 7

What is the Function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

To control movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 8

What is the Function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 8

To act as the site where most chemical reactions occur

Question 9

What is the Function of mitochondria?

Answer 9

The location where respiration occurs

powerhouse

Question 10

What is the Function of the Cell wall?

Answer 10

To strengthen a cell and help it hold its shape

Question 11

What is the Function of chloropast?

Answer 11

To Act as the site where photosynthesis occurs

Question 12

What is the Function of the Vacuole?

Answer 12

To keep a cell turgid

to keep its shape

Question 13

What is the Function of a sperm cell?

Answer 13

To fertilise the female gamete

ovum

Question 14

What is the Function of a nerve cell?

Answer 14

To pass nervous information to the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

What is the Function of a root hair cell?

Answer 15

To absorb water and nutrients for the plant

Question 16

What is the Function of a xylem cell?

Answer 16

To pass water and nutrients one way through a plant.

Question 17

What is the Function of a phloem cell?

Answer 17

To pass nutrients both ways throughout a plant.

Question 18

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 18

• Digestive enzymes; to inseminate the ovum
• Flagellum; for movement
• Half the number of chromosomes; to fuse with the ovum.

Question 19

What are the adaptations of a nerve cell?

Answer 19

• Long; to quickly pass information throughout the body

- Dendrites; to reach different tissues

Question 20

What are the adaptations of a root hair cell?

Answer 20

-High surface area; improves absorption of minerals and nutrients

Question 21

What are the adaptations of a xylem cell?

Answer 21

• No end cell walls; creates an unobstructed path for water and nutrients
• Thick cell walls; to keep the structure of the cell

Question 22

What are the adaptations of a phloem cell?

Answer 22

• Perforated end cell walls; allows for two way movement of nutrients
• Thick cell walls; to keep the structure of the cell

Question 23

What is the Function of a muscle cell?

Answer 23

To contract

Question 24

What are the adaptations of a muscle cell?

Answer 24

-Rubbery strands; allows the cell to contract

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

The movement of particles with the concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane

Question 26

What is osmosis?

Answer 26

The movement of Water with the concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane. (diffusion with water)

Question 27

What is Active Transport?

Answer 27

The active movement of particles against the concentration gradient using carrier proteins

Question 28

What is an adaption in cells where active transport occurs?

Answer 28

Greater number of mitochondria to provide energy in the form of ATP

Question 29

What are stem cells?

Answer 29

Undifferentiated cells

Question 30

In animals what stem cells do we have?

Answer 30

- Adult stem cells | - Embryonic stem cells

Question 31

What is the function of adult stem cells?

Answer 31

To replace dead differentiated cells

Question 32

What is the function of embryonic stem cells?

Answer 32

To divide to form all other cells whilst the animal is a blastocyst

Question 33

In plants what stem cells do they have?

Answer 33

-Meristem cell

Question 34

What is the function of a meristem cell?

Answer 34

To allow for plant growth throughout its life; found near new growth

Question 35

What is mitosis?

Answer 35

The process in which a cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 36

What happens during mitosis?

Answer 36

The number of chromosomes doubles, the cell divides and two diploid daughter cells are produced

Question 37

What is meiosis?

Answer 37

The process in which a cell divides to produce four genetically identical daughter cells

Question 38

What happens during meiosis?

Answer 38

The number of chromosomes doubles, the cell divides twice and four haploid daughter cells are produced

Question 39

How has the electron microscope better our understanding of cells?

Answer 39

It is used to study cells in much finer detail. This has enabled biologists to see and understand many more sub-cellular structures. (high magnification and resolving power)

Question 40

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 40

magnification= size of image/ size of real object

Question 41

How regularly can bacteria divide (binary fission)?

Answer 41

Every 20 minutes

Question 42

When culturing organisms why should equipment be sterile?

Answer 42

To avoid contamination

Question 43

When culturing organisms why should the temperature be below 25 degrees and container not sealed (in school)?

Answer 43

To avoid much more harmful bacteria from growing