Inheritance, Variation and Evolution Flashcards
What are the gametes involved in sexual reproduction in plants and animals?
- Sperm and egg cells in animals
- Pollen and egg cells in flowering plants.
What is the offspring of sexual reproduction?
A mix of the parents genetic information
What is the offspring of asexual reproduction?
An identical genetic clone of the parent
In forming gametes for sexual reproduction what form of division is used?
Meiosis
In asexual reproduction which form of cell division is used?
Mitosis
What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?
- Variation
- Natural selection is better enabled by variation
- Enables selective breeding of for desired traits
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?
- Only one parent needed
- Faster
- More energy efficient
- Many identical offspring
Name 3 organisms which can produce sexually and asexualy
- Malarial parasites
- Fungi
- Plants
How do malarial parasites reproduce?
- Sexually in the vector
- Asexually in the host
How do fungi reproduce?
- Asexually with spores
- Sexually to induce variation
How do plants reproduce?
- Sexually through seeds
- Asexually through runner or bulb division
What is DNA?
DNA is a double helix polymer contained within chromosomes within the nucleus
What is a gene?
A small section of DNA which codes for a specific protein from the sequence of amino acids in the chain
What is a genome?
The entire genetic material of an organism
Why is understanding the genome important?
- Understanding genetic diseases and inherited disorders
- Understanding the migration of early humans
What is DNA comprised of?
A common sugar bonded to a phosphate group with 4 different base sugars
What are the four titles given to the four bases?
C complementary to G and
T complementary to A
What codes for a particular amino acids?
Three bases together which writes how the amino acids should be ordered for a protein
How do ribosomes synthesise proteins?
Carrier proteins bring amino acids to the ribosome which adds these to the growing protein chain. When complete, the protein unfurls to complete their role.
What are the effects of mutations?
There is minimal effect and they usually do not affect the protein’s ability to perform a function due to the frequency of mutations
What is an allele?
Different forms of the same gene to produce varied characteristics
What is it when one’s alleles are heterozygous?
One’s pair of alleles are different
What is it when one’s alleles are homozygous?
One’s pair of alleles are the same
What is a phenotype?
One’s observable characteristics resulting from their genotype and the environment- the result of multiple genes
